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strong sentiment

1 sentiment

ˈsentɪmənt сущ.
1) чувство;
мнение, настроение, отношение (against;
for, in favor of) to express a sentiment ≈ выражать мнение to display, show sentiment ≈ проявлять чувство growing sentiment ≈ возрастающее чувство lofty sentiment ≈ возвышенное чувство patriotic sentiment ≈ чувство патриотизма shocking sentiment ≈ удивительное чувство strong sentiment ≈ сильное чувство the sentiment of pity (of respect) ≈ чувство жалости (уважения) these are (или шутл. them's) my sentiments ≈ вот мое мнение There is growing sentiment in favor of a tax reduction. ≈ Общественное мнение постепенно склоняется в пользу облегчения налогового бремени. Syn: sense, feeling, emotion
2) сентиментальность чувство - family *s родственные чувства - a * of pity чувство жалости - *s towards smb. чувства к кому-л. - we are often influenced by * нами части движут эмоции дух( произведения искусства и т. п. в противоп. форме) сентиментальность - mawkish * слезливая чувствительность - you don't indulge in * in business в деловом мире нет места сантиментам мнение, отношение, настроение - public *s общественное мнение - unity of * единство мнения - to express one's *s выразить свое мнение /отношение/ - to create a * in favour of smth. создать мнение в пользу чего-л. - to sound out * diplomatically дипломатично выяснить настроение (каких-л. кругов) sentiment сентиментальность ~ чувство;
отношение, настроение, мнение;
the sentiment of pity (of respect) чувство жалости (уважения) ~ чувство ~ чувство;
отношение, настроение, мнение;
the sentiment of pity (of respect) чувство жалости (уважения) these are (или шутл. them's) my ~s вот мое мнение

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > sentiment
2 sentiment

['sentɪmənt]
сущ.

1) чувство

growing sentiment — возрастающее чувство

lofty sentiment — возвышенное чувство

patriotic sentiment — чувство патриотизма

strong sentiment — сильное чувство

the sentiment of pity / respect — чувство жалости / уважения

to express a sentiment — выражать мнение

to show sentiment — проявлять чувство

Syn:

sense 1., feeling 1., emotion

2) сентиментальность

3) обычно sentiments мнение, настроение, отношение

popular sentiment(s) — общественное мнение

these are my sentiments — вот моё мнение

There is growing sentiment in favour of a tax reduction. — (Общественное) мнение всё больше и больше склоняется в пользу облегчения налогового бремени.

Англо-русский современный словарь > sentiment
3 sentiment

sentiment [ˈsentɪmənt]

noun

a. ( = feeling) sentiment m

• public sentiment le sentiment général

• anti-government sentiment was strong il y avait un fort sentiment antigouvernemental

b. ( = view) point m de vue

• he agreed with the sentiments expressed by Dan Jones il était d'accord avec le point de vue exprimé par Dan Jones

* * *
['sentɪmənt]
noun

1) ( feeling) sentiment m

public sentiment — le sentiment général

2) ( opinion) opinion f

3) ( sentimentality) gen sentimentalité f; pej sensiblerie f

English-French dictionary > sentiment
4 strong

strong [strɒŋ]

fort ⇒ 1 (a)-(c), 1 (e), 1 (f), 1 (j), 1 (k) robuste ⇒ 1 (a) solide ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (b), 1 (d), 1 (i) puissant ⇒ 1 (b) ferme ⇒ 1 (b), 1 (i) énergique ⇒ 1 (b) sérieux ⇒ 1 (d), 1 (f) grossier ⇒ 1 (g)

(compar stronger ['strɒŋgə(r)], superl strongest ['strɒŋgɪst])

1 adjective

(a) (sturdy → person, animal, constitution, arms) fort, robuste; (→ building) solide; (→ cloth, material) solide, résistant; (→ shoes, table) solide, robuste; (in health → person) robuste; (→ heart) solide, robuste; (→ eyesight) bon;

∎ he's not very strong (not muscular) il n'est pas très fort; (not healthy) il n'est pas très robuste;

∎ familiar you need a strong stomach to eat this junk il faut avoir un estomac en béton pour manger des cochonneries pareilles;

∎ you'd need a strong stomach to go and watch that movie il faut avoir l'estomac bien accroché pour aller voir ce film;

∎ he'll be able to go out once he's strong again il pourra sortir quand il aura repris des forces;

∎ to be as strong as a horse (powerful) être fort comme un Turc ou un bœuf; (in good health) avoir une santé de fer

(b) (in degree, force, intensity → sea current, wind, light, lens, voice) fort, puissant; (→ magnet) puissant; (→ current) intense; Music (→ beat) fort; (→ conviction, belief) ferme, fort, profond; (→ protest, support) énergique, vigoureux; (→ measures) énergique, draconien; (→ desire, imagination, interest) vif; (→ colour) vif, fort; (→ character, personality) fort, bien trempé; (→ feelings) intense, fort; (→ nerves) solide;

∎ the wind is growing stronger le vent forcit;

∎ there is a strong element of suspense in the story il y a beaucoup de suspense dans cette histoire;

∎ there's strong evidence that he committed suicide tout porte à croire qu'il s'est suicidé;

∎ it's my strong suit (in cards) c'est ma couleur forte; figurative c'est mon fort;

∎ figurative tact isn't her strong suit or point le tact n'est pas son (point) fort;

∎ what are his strong points? quels sont ses points forts?;

∎ he is a strong believer in discipline il est de ceux qui croient fermement à la discipline;

∎ it is my strong opinion that the men are innocent je suis convaincu ou persuadé que ces hommes sont innocents;

∎ she is a strong supporter of the government elle soutient le gouvernement avec ferveur;

∎ she is a strong supporter of Sunday trading c'est une ardente partisane de l'ouverture des commerces le dimanche;

∎ to exert a strong influence on sb exercer beaucoup d'influence ou une forte influence sur qn;

∎ she has a strong personality, she's a strong character elle a une forte personnalité;

∎ I have strong feelings on or about the death penalty (against) je suis absolument contre la peine de mort; (for) je suis tout à fait pour la peine de mort;

∎ I have no strong feelings or views one way or the other cela m'est égal;

∎ if you have strong feelings about it si c'est tellement important pour toi;

∎ he had a strong sense of guilt il éprouvait un fort sentiment de culpabilité;

∎ to have a strong will avoir de la volonté;

∎ you'll have to be strong now (when consoling or encouraging) il va falloir être courageux maintenant;

∎ you've got to be strong and say "no" il faut être ferme et dire "non"

(c) (striking → contrast, impression) fort, frappant, marquant; (→ accent) fort;

∎ to bear a strong resemblance to sb ressembler beaucoup ou fortement à qn;

∎ his speech made a strong impression on them son discours les a fortement impressionnés ou a eu un profond effet sur eux;

∎ there is a strong chance or probability that he will win il y a de fortes chances pour qu'il gagne

(d) (solid → argument, evidence) solide, sérieux;

∎ we have strong reasons to believe them innocent nous avons de bonnes ou sérieuses raisons de croire qu'ils sont innocents;

∎ they have a strong case ils ont de bons arguments;

∎ to be in a strong position être dans une position de force;

∎ we're in a strong bargaining position nous sommes bien placés ou en position de force pour négocier

(e) (in taste, smell) fort;

∎ I like strong coffee j'aime le café fort ou corsé;

∎ this whisky is strong stuff ce whisky est fort;

∎ there's a strong smell of gas in here il y a une forte odeur de gaz ici

(f) (in ability → student, team) fort; (→ candidate, contender) sérieux;

∎ he is a strong contender for the presidency il a de fortes chances de remporter l'élection présidentielle;

∎ he's a strong candidate for the post il a le profil idéal pour le poste;

∎ she is particularly strong in science subjects elle est particulièrement forte dans les matières scientifiques;

∎ in very strong form en très grande forme;

∎ the film was strong on style but weak on content le film était très bon du point de vue de la forme mais pas du tout du point de vue du contenu

(g) (tough, harsh → words) grossier;

∎ to use strong language dire des grossièretés, tenir des propos grossiers;

∎ I wrote him a strong letter je lui ai écrit une lettre bien sentie;

∎ she gave us her opinion in strong terms elle nous a dit ce qu'elle pensait sans mâcher ses mots;

∎ his latest film is strong stuff son dernier film est vraiment dur

(h) (in number)

∎ an army 5,000 strong une armée forte de 5000 hommes;

∎ the marchers were 400 strong les manifestants étaient au nombre de 400

(i) Commerce & Economics (currency, price) solide; (market) ferme;

∎ the dollar has got stronger le dollar s'est raffermi

(j) Physics

∎ strong force, strong interaction interaction f forte

(k) Grammar (verb, form) fort

2 adverb

∎ familiar to be going strong (person) être toujours solide^□ ou toujours d'attaque; (party) battre son plein; (machine, car) fonctionner toujours bien^□ ; (business, economy) être florissant^□, prospérer^□ ;

∎ he's eighty years old and still going strong il a quatre-vingts ans et toujours bon pied bon œil;

∎ the favourite was going strong as they turned into the home straight le favori marchait fort quand les chevaux ont entamé la dernière ligne droite^□ ;

∎ to come on strong (insist) insister lourdement^□ ; (make a pass) faire des avances^□ ;

∎ that's coming it a bit strong! vous y allez un peu fort!, vous exagérez!

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > strong
5 sentiment

شُعُور \ feeling: sense (of pleasure, pain, love, etc.). hunch: an idea (guided by imagination, not by reason) that sth. is happening or will happen: I have a hunch that this horse will win the race. sense: a feeling or understanding: a strong sense of danger; a sense of duty; a sense of direction (being able to find one’s way without help). sentiment: a feeling (anger, pleasure, agreement, disagreement, love, hatred, etc.): Poets often express their sentiments in fine language.

Arabic-English glossary > sentiment
6 मानस्थिति

mā́na-sthiti
f. seeﾠ under 2. māna

f. « right measure» orﾠ, « strong sentiment of honour» (the latter fr. 1. māna) Siṇhâs.

Sanskrit-English dictionary > मानस्थिति
7 force

force [fɔʀs]

1. feminine noun

   a. ( = vigueur) strength

• avoir de la force to be strong

• je n'ai plus la force de parler I have no strength left to talk

• à la force du poignet [obtenir qch, réussir] by the sweat of one's brow

• c'est une force de la nature he's a real Goliath

• dans la force de l'âge in the prime of life

• c'est ce qui fait sa force that is where his great strength lies

• être en position de force to be in a position of strength

• coup de force takeover by force

• affirmer avec force to state firmly

• insister avec force sur un point to emphasize a point strongly

• vouloir à toute force to want at all costs

   b. ( = violence) force

• recourir à la force to resort to force

   c. ( = ressources physiques) forces strength

• reprendre des forces to get one's strength back

• c'est au-dessus de mes forces it's too much for me

• frapper de toutes ses forces to hit as hard as one can

• désirer qch de toutes ses forces to want sth with all one's heart

   d. [de coup, vent] force ; [d'argument, sentiment, alcool, médicament] strength

• vent de force 4 force 4 wind

• la force de l'habitude force of habit

• par la force des choses by force of circumstance ; ( = nécessairement) inevitably

• les forces vives du pays the lifeblood of the country

• avoir force de loi to have force of law

   e. (Military) forces forces

• d'importantes forces de police large numbers of police

   f. (Physics) force

• force de gravité force of gravity

   g. (locutions)

► à force

• à force de chercher on va bien trouver if we keep on looking we'll find it eventually

• à force, tu vas le casser you'll end up breaking it► de force

• faire entrer qch de force dans qch to force sth into sth► en force

• arriver or venir en force to arrive in force

• passer en force [+ projet] to force through

2. compounds

► les forces armées the armed forces

► force de caractère strength of character

► force de dissuasion deterrent power

► force de frappe strike force

► force d'inertie force of inertia

► forces d'intervention rapid deployment force

► forces de maintien de la paix peace-keeping forces

► les forces de l'ordre the police

* * *
fɔʀs
1.

nom féminin

1) ( de personne)

forces — strength [U]

avoir de la force — to be strong

ne plus avoir de force — to have no strength left

la force de marcher — the strength to walk

mes forces m'abandonnent — I'm getting weak

être à bout de forces — to feel drained

c'est au-dessus de mes forces — it's too much for me

de toutes ses forces — [lancer] with all one's might; [désirer] with all one's heart

dans la force de l'âge — in the prime of life

avec force — [nier] strongly; [affirmer] firmly

2) ( contrainte) force

force armée — armed force

de force — by force

faire faire quelque chose à quelqu'un de force — to force somebody to do something

entrer de force dans un lieu — to force one's way into a place

par la force des choses — through force of circumstance

coup de force — Armée strike

3) ( puissance) (de pays, groupe, secteur, personne) strength; ( d'expression) force

c'est ce qui fait leur force — that's where their strength lies

ils sont de même force or de force égale aux échecs — they are evenly matched at chess

être de force à faire — to be up to doing

tu n'es pas de force à t'attaquer à lui — you're no match for him

revenir en force, faire un retour en force — to make a strong comeback

4) ( poids) (d'argument, accusation, de conviction) force

5) Physique, fig force

les forces du mal — the forces of evil

6) ( intensité) (de choc, séisme, vent) force; (de désir, sentiment) strength

7) ( ensemble humain) force

forces d'opposition — opposition forces

arriver en force — to arrive in force

8) Armée ( corps) force; ( effectifs)

forces — forces

forces navales — navy (sg)

forces terrestres — army (sg)

d'importantes forces de police — large numbers of police

2.

à force (colloq) locution adverbiale

à force, elle l'a cassé — she ended up breaking it

3.

à force de locution prépositive

réussir à force de travail — to succeed by dint of hard work

à force d'économiser, elle a pu l'acheter — by saving very hard, she was able to buy it

il est aphone à force de crier — he shouted so much (that) he lost his voice

à force de frotter, tu vas le déchirer — if you keep on rubbing it, you'll tear it

Phrasal Verbs:

- force de dissuasion

- force de frappe

- force d'interposition

- force d'intervention

- force de la nature

- force publique

- forces de l'ordre

- forces vives

- Force ouvrière

* * *
fɔʀs
1. nf

1) [personne, membre] strength

Je n'ai pas beaucoup de force dans les bras. — I haven't got much strength in my arms.

avoir de la force — to be strong

être à bout de force — to have no strength left

à la force du poignet fig — by one's own efforts

s'élever à la force du poignet — to work one's up by one's own efforts

la force de volonté — will power

2) (pour résoudre un conflit) force

Ils ont eu recours à la force. — They had to use force.

de force — forcibly, by force

Ils lui ont enlevé son pistolet de force. — They took the gun from him by force.

par la force — using force

3) PHYSIQUE, MÉCANIQUE force

force d'inertie — force of inertia

4) (= puissance) (surnaturelle) power

les forces des ténèbres — the powers of darkness

5) (autres locutions)

être de force à faire — to be up to doing

par la force des choses — by force of circumstances

c'est une force de la nature — he's larger than life

à force de faire — by doing, by dint of doing

Il a grossi à force de manger autant. — He got fat by eating so much.

arriver en force (= nombreux) — to arrive in force

à toute force (= absolument) — at all costs

faire force de rames — to ply the oars

faire force de voiles — to pile on sail

de première force — first class

cas de force majeure — case of absolute necessity, ASSURANCESact of God

2. forces nfpl

1) (physiques) strength sg

de toutes mes/ses forces — with all my/his strength

2) MILITAIRE forces

3) (= effectifs)

d'importantes forces de police — large contingents of police

* * *

force

A nf

1 ( de personne) ( robustesse) strength ¢; ( capacités physiques) forces strength; force musculaire/morale muscular/moral strength; force de caractère strength of character; avoir de la force to be strong; ne plus avoir de force to have no strength left; avoir de la force dans les jambes to have strength in one's legs; avoir/trouver/donner la force de faire to have/find/give the strength to do; je n'ai plus la force de marcher I no longer have the strength to walk; mes forces m'abandonnent I'm getting weak; reprendre des forces to regain one's strength; ça te donnera des forces it will build up your strength; être à bout de forces to feel drained; c'est au-dessus de mes forces it's too much for me; de toutes ses forces [lancer] with all one's might; [désirer] with all one's heart; dans la force de l'âge in the prime of life; avec force [nier] strongly; [affirmer] firmly; faire force de rames to pull hard on the oars; faire force de voiles to crowd on sail;

2 ( contrainte) force; force armée armed force; recourir à la force to resort to force; être converti/emmené de force to be converted/taken away by force; être marié de force to be forced into marriage; faire faire qch à qn de force to force sb to do sth; entrer de force dans un lieu to force one's way into a place; jouer en force Sport to play flat out; par la force des choses through force of circumstance; vouloir à toute force to want at all costs; force est/m'est de faire there is/I have no choice but to do; coup de force Mil strike;

3 ( puissance) (de pays, groupe, secteur) strength; fig ( d'expression) force; ( de personne) strength; la force militaire/économique du pays the country's military/economic strength; c'est ce qui fait leur force that's where their strength lies; ils sont de même force or de force égale aux échecs they are evenly matched at chess; être de force à faire to be up to doing; tu n'es pas de force à t'attaquer à lui you're no match for him; joueur/traducteur de première force top-flight ou top-quality player/translator; revenir en force, faire un retour en force to make a strong comeback;

4 ( poids) (d'argument, accusation, de conviction) force; la force de l'habitude force of habit; avoir force de loi to have the force of law;

5 Phys, fig force; force d'attraction force of attraction; force centrifuge centrifugal force; forces naturelles/occultes natural/occult forces; les forces de marché Écon market forces; les forces du mal the forces of evil;

6 ( intensité) (de choc, séisme, vent) force; (de désir, sentiment) strength; vent de force 1 à 3 breeze blowing at force 1 to 3; vent de force 4 à 7 wind force 4 to 7; vent de force 8 à 10 force 8 to 10 gale;

7 ( ensemble humain) force; force de vente sales force; force d'alternance alternative force; forces productives productive forces; forces d'opposition opposition forces; être/arriver en force to be present/to arrive in force;

8 Mil ( corps) force; ( effectifs) forces forces; force multinationale multinational force; forces aériennes air force; forces navales navy; forces terrestres army; forces armées/intégrées/d'occupation armed/integrated/occupying forces; d'importantes forces de police large numbers of police.

B †adv donner force exemples to give many an example; avec force excuses/remerciements with profuse apologies/thanks.

C à force de loc prép réussir à force de patience/travail to succeed by dint of patience/hard work; à force d'économies or d'économiser, elle a pu l'acheter by saving very hard, she was able to buy it; il est aphone à force de crier he shouted so much (that) he lost his voice; à force de frotter, tu vas le déchirer if you keep on rubbing it, you'll tear it; à force○, elle l'a cassé she ended up breaking it.

Composés

force d'action rapide Mil rapid reaction force; force d'âme fortitude; force de dissuasion Mil deterrent force; fig deterrent; force de frappe ( arme nucléaire) nuclear weapons (pl); ( groupe) strike force; force d'interposition Mil peacekeeping force; force d'intervention Mil task force; force de la nature (real) Goliath; force de pénétration Tech penetration; force publique police force; forces de l'ordre forces of law and order; forces vives life blood ¢; Force ouvrière, FO Pol French trade union; Forces françaises de l'intérieur, FFI Hist Resistance forces operating in France during the Second World War; Forces françaises libres, FFL Hist Free French Forces.

[fɔrs] nom féminin

1. [puissance - d'une tempête, d'un coup] strength, force ; [ - d'un sentiment] strength ; [ - d'une idée, d'un argument] strength, power

avec force forcefully

un vent (de) force 7 MÉTÉOROLOGIE a force 7 wind

les forces du mal the forces of evil

‘la force tranquille’slogan used by François Mitterrand in his successful election campaign of 1981

2. [vigueur physique] strength

avoir beaucoup de force to be very strong

avoir la force de faire quelque chose to have the strength to do something

il sent sa force l'abandonner avec l'âge he feels himself growing weaker with age

il est sans force he has no strength

reprendre des forces to regain one's strength

c'est au-dessus de mes forces it's beyond me

de toutes mes/ses forces with all my/his strength, with all my/his might

je le veux de toutes mes forces I want it with all my heart

être une force de la nature to be a mighty force

être dans la force de l'âge to be in the prime of life

les forces vives de la nation the nation's resources

3. [contrainte, autorité] force

vaincre par la force to win by (using) force

avoir recours à la force to resort to force

nous ne céderons pas à la force we will not yield to force

avoir force exécutoire to be enforceable

avoir force de loi to have the force of law

force majeure DROIT force majeure

c'est un cas de force majeure it's completely unavoidable

il y a (cas de) force majeure there are circumstances beyond my/our etc. control

un coup de force POLITIQUE & ÉCONOMIE a takeover by force

4. [puissance morale] strength

ce qui fait sa force, c'est sa conviction politique his political commitment is his strength

force d'âme spiritual strength

force de caractère strength of character

[groupe de personnes]

force de vente sales force

5. ADMINISTRATION & MILITAIRE

la force nucléaire stratégique ou la force de frappe ou la force de dissuasion de la France France's nuclear strike capacity

Force d'action rapide section of the French armed forces responding immediately in emergencies

les forces armées the (armed) forces

force d'intervention task force

les forces navales/aériennes the naval/air forces

la force publique, les forces de l'ordre the police

6. [suprématie] strength, might

occuper une position de force to be in a position of strength

7. PHYSIQUE force

force centrifuge/centripète centrifugal/centripetal force

force électromotrice electromotive force

force d'inertie force of inertia

8. POLITIQUE

Force ouvrière trade union

9. NAUTIQUE

faire force de rames to ply the oars

faire force de voiles to cram on sail

10. (locution)

force est de (soutenu) : force est de constater que... there is no choice but to accept that...

par la force des choses/de l'habitude by force of circumstance/of habit

————————

[fɔrs] adverbe

(littéraire & humoristique) many

je le lui ai expliqué avec force exemples I explained it to him by giving numerous examples

————————

à force locution adverbiale

(familier)

tu vas le casser, à force! you'll break it if you go on like that!

à force, je suis fatigué I'm getting tired

à force de locution prépositionnelle

by dint of

à force de parler by dint of talking

à la force de locution prépositionnelle

by the strength of

grimper à la force des bras to climb by the strength of one's arms

s'élever à la force du poignet (figuré) to go up in the world by the sweat of one's brow

à toute force locution adverbiale

at all costs

————————

de force locution adverbiale

by force

il est entré de force he forced his way in

on les a fait sortir de force they were made to leave

————————

en force locution adverbiale

1. [en nombre] in force, in large numbers

ils sont arrivés en force they arrived in force ou in great numbers

2. SPORT [sans souplesse]

faire quelque chose en force to do something by brute force

————————

par force locution adverbiale

par force nous nous sommes résignés à son départ we were forced to accept ou we had to resign ourselves to his departure

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > force
8 forcé

force [fɔʀs]

1. feminine noun

   a. ( = vigueur) strength

• avoir de la force to be strong

• je n'ai plus la force de parler I have no strength left to talk

• à la force du poignet [obtenir qch, réussir] by the sweat of one's brow

• c'est une force de la nature he's a real Goliath

• dans la force de l'âge in the prime of life

• c'est ce qui fait sa force that is where his great strength lies

• être en position de force to be in a position of strength

• coup de force takeover by force

• affirmer avec force to state firmly

• insister avec force sur un point to emphasize a point strongly

• vouloir à toute force to want at all costs

   b. ( = violence) force

• recourir à la force to resort to force

   c. ( = ressources physiques) forces strength

• reprendre des forces to get one's strength back

• c'est au-dessus de mes forces it's too much for me

• frapper de toutes ses forces to hit as hard as one can

• désirer qch de toutes ses forces to want sth with all one's heart

   d. [de coup, vent] force ; [d'argument, sentiment, alcool, médicament] strength

• vent de force 4 force 4 wind

• la force de l'habitude force of habit

• par la force des choses by force of circumstance ; ( = nécessairement) inevitably

• les forces vives du pays the lifeblood of the country

• avoir force de loi to have force of law

   e. (Military) forces forces

• d'importantes forces de police large numbers of police

   f. (Physics) force

• force de gravité force of gravity

   g. (locutions)

► à force

• à force de chercher on va bien trouver if we keep on looking we'll find it eventually

• à force, tu vas le casser you'll end up breaking it► de force

• faire entrer qch de force dans qch to force sth into sth► en force

• arriver or venir en force to arrive in force

• passer en force [+ projet] to force through

2. compounds

► les forces armées the armed forces

► force de caractère strength of character

► force de dissuasion deterrent power

► force de frappe strike force

► force d'inertie force of inertia

► forces d'intervention rapid deployment force

► forces de maintien de la paix peace-keeping forces

► les forces de l'ordre the police

* * *
fɔʀs
1.

nom féminin

1) ( de personne)

forces — strength [U]

avoir de la force — to be strong

ne plus avoir de force — to have no strength left

la force de marcher — the strength to walk

mes forces m'abandonnent — I'm getting weak

être à bout de forces — to feel drained

c'est au-dessus de mes forces — it's too much for me

de toutes ses forces — [lancer] with all one's might; [désirer] with all one's heart

dans la force de l'âge — in the prime of life

avec force — [nier] strongly; [affirmer] firmly

2) ( contrainte) force

force armée — armed force

de force — by force

faire faire quelque chose à quelqu'un de force — to force somebody to do something

entrer de force dans un lieu — to force one's way into a place

par la force des choses — through force of circumstance

coup de force — Armée strike

3) ( puissance) (de pays, groupe, secteur, personne) strength; ( d'expression) force

c'est ce qui fait leur force — that's where their strength lies

ils sont de même force or de force égale aux échecs — they are evenly matched at chess

être de force à faire — to be up to doing

tu n'es pas de force à t'attaquer à lui — you're no match for him

revenir en force, faire un retour en force — to make a strong comeback

4) ( poids) (d'argument, accusation, de conviction) force

5) Physique, fig force

les forces du mal — the forces of evil

6) ( intensité) (de choc, séisme, vent) force; (de désir, sentiment) strength

7) ( ensemble humain) force

forces d'opposition — opposition forces

arriver en force — to arrive in force

8) Armée ( corps) force; ( effectifs)

forces — forces

forces navales — navy (sg)

forces terrestres — army (sg)

d'importantes forces de police — large numbers of police

2.

à force (colloq) locution adverbiale

à force, elle l'a cassé — she ended up breaking it

3.

à force de locution prépositive

réussir à force de travail — to succeed by dint of hard work

à force d'économiser, elle a pu l'acheter — by saving very hard, she was able to buy it

il est aphone à force de crier — he shouted so much (that) he lost his voice

à force de frotter, tu vas le déchirer — if you keep on rubbing it, you'll tear it

Phrasal Verbs:

- force de dissuasion

- force de frappe

- force d'interposition

- force d'intervention

- force de la nature

- force publique

- forces de l'ordre

- forces vives

- Force ouvrière

* * *
fɔʀs
1. nf

1) [personne, membre] strength

Je n'ai pas beaucoup de force dans les bras. — I haven't got much strength in my arms.

avoir de la force — to be strong

être à bout de force — to have no strength left

à la force du poignet fig — by one's own efforts

s'élever à la force du poignet — to work one's up by one's own efforts

la force de volonté — will power

2) (pour résoudre un conflit) force

Ils ont eu recours à la force. — They had to use force.

de force — forcibly, by force

Ils lui ont enlevé son pistolet de force. — They took the gun from him by force.

par la force — using force

3) PHYSIQUE, MÉCANIQUE force

force d'inertie — force of inertia

4) (= puissance) (surnaturelle) power

les forces des ténèbres — the powers of darkness

5) (autres locutions)

être de force à faire — to be up to doing

par la force des choses — by force of circumstances

c'est une force de la nature — he's larger than life

à force de faire — by doing, by dint of doing

Il a grossi à force de manger autant. — He got fat by eating so much.

arriver en force (= nombreux) — to arrive in force

à toute force (= absolument) — at all costs

faire force de rames — to ply the oars

faire force de voiles — to pile on sail

de première force — first class

cas de force majeure — case of absolute necessity, ASSURANCESact of God

2. forces nfpl

1) (physiques) strength sg

de toutes mes/ses forces — with all my/his strength

2) MILITAIRE forces

3) (= effectifs)

d'importantes forces de police — large contingents of police

* * *

force

A nf

1 ( de personne) ( robustesse) strength ¢; ( capacités physiques) forces strength; force musculaire/morale muscular/moral strength; force de caractère strength of character; avoir de la force to be strong; ne plus avoir de force to have no strength left; avoir de la force dans les jambes to have strength in one's legs; avoir/trouver/donner la force de faire to have/find/give the strength to do; je n'ai plus la force de marcher I no longer have the strength to walk; mes forces m'abandonnent I'm getting weak; reprendre des forces to regain one's strength; ça te donnera des forces it will build up your strength; être à bout de forces to feel drained; c'est au-dessus de mes forces it's too much for me; de toutes ses forces [lancer] with all one's might; [désirer] with all one's heart; dans la force de l'âge in the prime of life; avec force [nier] strongly; [affirmer] firmly; faire force de rames to pull hard on the oars; faire force de voiles to crowd on sail;

2 ( contrainte) force; force armée armed force; recourir à la force to resort to force; être converti/emmené de force to be converted/taken away by force; être marié de force to be forced into marriage; faire faire qch à qn de force to force sb to do sth; entrer de force dans un lieu to force one's way into a place; jouer en force Sport to play flat out; par la force des choses through force of circumstance; vouloir à toute force to want at all costs; force est/m'est de faire there is/I have no choice but to do; coup de force Mil strike;

3 ( puissance) (de pays, groupe, secteur) strength; fig ( d'expression) force; ( de personne) strength; la force militaire/économique du pays the country's military/economic strength; c'est ce qui fait leur force that's where their strength lies; ils sont de même force or de force égale aux échecs they are evenly matched at chess; être de force à faire to be up to doing; tu n'es pas de force à t'attaquer à lui you're no match for him; joueur/traducteur de première force top-flight ou top-quality player/translator; revenir en force, faire un retour en force to make a strong comeback;

4 ( poids) (d'argument, accusation, de conviction) force; la force de l'habitude force of habit; avoir force de loi to have the force of law;

5 Phys, fig force; force d'attraction force of attraction; force centrifuge centrifugal force; forces naturelles/occultes natural/occult forces; les forces de marché Écon market forces; les forces du mal the forces of evil;

6 ( intensité) (de choc, séisme, vent) force; (de désir, sentiment) strength; vent de force 1 à 3 breeze blowing at force 1 to 3; vent de force 4 à 7 wind force 4 to 7; vent de force 8 à 10 force 8 to 10 gale;

7 ( ensemble humain) force; force de vente sales force; force d'alternance alternative force; forces productives productive forces; forces d'opposition opposition forces; être/arriver en force to be present/to arrive in force;

8 Mil ( corps) force; ( effectifs) forces forces; force multinationale multinational force; forces aériennes air force; forces navales navy; forces terrestres army; forces armées/intégrées/d'occupation armed/integrated/occupying forces; d'importantes forces de police large numbers of police.

B †adv donner force exemples to give many an example; avec force excuses/remerciements with profuse apologies/thanks.

C à force de loc prép réussir à force de patience/travail to succeed by dint of patience/hard work; à force d'économies or d'économiser, elle a pu l'acheter by saving very hard, she was able to buy it; il est aphone à force de crier he shouted so much (that) he lost his voice; à force de frotter, tu vas le déchirer if you keep on rubbing it, you'll tear it; à force○, elle l'a cassé she ended up breaking it.

Composés

force d'action rapide Mil rapid reaction force; force d'âme fortitude; force de dissuasion Mil deterrent force; fig deterrent; force de frappe ( arme nucléaire) nuclear weapons (pl); ( groupe) strike force; force d'interposition Mil peacekeeping force; force d'intervention Mil task force; force de la nature (real) Goliath; force de pénétration Tech penetration; force publique police force; forces de l'ordre forces of law and order; forces vives life blood ¢; Force ouvrière, FO Pol French trade union; Forces françaises de l'intérieur, FFI Hist Resistance forces operating in France during the Second World War; Forces françaises libres, FFL Hist Free French Forces.

( féminin forcée) [fɔrse] adjectif

1. [obligé] forced

atterrissage forcé emergency ou forced landing

liquidation forcée compulsory liquidation

contraint et forcé under duress

2. [inévitable] inevitable

3. [sans spontanéité] strained

rire forcé forced laugh

comparaison forcée artificial comparison

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > forcé
9 vigoureux

vigoureux, -euse [viguʀø, øz]

adjective

vigorous ; [cheval] sturdy ; [corps] robust ; [bras, mains] strong ; [protestations] strenuous

* * *

- euse viguʀø, øz adjectif

1) ( physiquement) [personne, poignée de main] vigorous; [athlète, corps] strong, powerful; [plante] sturdy; [constitution, vieillard] robust, sturdy; [coup] powerful

2) ( déterminé) [résistance, mesure, style] vigorous; [croissance, sentiment] strong; [talent] strong, robust; [langage] strong, forceful

3) ( net) [dessin, contour] strong, bold; [coloris] strong, striking

* * *
viɡuʀø, øz adj (-euse)
vigorous, robust

* * *

vigoureux, - euse adj

1 ( physiquement) [personne, poignée de main] vigorous; [athlète, corps] strong, powerful; [plante, végétation] sturdy; [constitution, vieillard] robust, sturdy; [coup] powerful; [main, bras] strong;

2 ( déterminé) [résistance, attaque, mesure, style] vigorous; [croissance, sentiment] strong; [talent] strong, robust; [langage] strong, forceful; rencontrer une vigoureuse opposition to encounter vigorous opposition;

3 ( intense) [parfum] strong; [formule, effet] powerful;

4 ( net) [dessin, contour] strong, bold; [coloris] strong, striking.

( féminin vigoureuse) [vigurø, øz] adjectif

1. [fort - homme] vigorous, sturdy ; [ - membres] strong, sturdy ; [ - arbre, plante] sturdy ; [ - santé] robust ; [ - poignée de main, répression] vigorous

il est encore vigoureux! he's still hale and hearty ou going strong!

2. [langage, argument] forceful

[opposition, soutien] strong

[défense] vigorous, spirited

[contestation, effort] vigorous, forceful, powerful

[mesures] energetic

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > vigoureux
10 sentimiento

m.

1 feeling.

sentimiento de culpabilidad/pena feeling of guilt/sorrow

le acompaño en el sentimiento my deepest sympathy

2 sorrow, regret.

* * *

sentimiento

► nombre masculino

1 (gen) feeling

■ no tiene sentimientos he's got no feelings

2 (pena) sorrow, grief

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

le acompaño en el sentimiento my deepest sympathy

buenos sentimientos sympathy sing

* * *

noun m.

1) sentiment, emotion, feeling

2) sorrow, grief

* * *

SM

1) (=emoción) feeling

pone mucho sentimiento cuando canta — he puts a lot of feeling into his singing

despertó el sentimiento nacionalista del pueblo — it aroused the nationalistic feelings o sentiments of the people

sentimiento de culpa — feeling of guilt, guilty feeling

sentimiento del deber — sense of duty

2) (=pena) sorrow

lloraba con mucho sentimiento — he cried with great sorrow

le acompaño en el sentimiento — please accept my condolences

3) pl sentimientos (=forma de sentir) feelings

has conseguido herir sus sentimientos — you've managed to hurt his feelings

no deberías jugar con sus sentimientos — you shouldn't play with his emotions o feelings

¿le has revelado ya tus sentimientos? — have you told her how you feel?

es una persona de buenos sentimientos — she's a good-hearted person

es cruel y no tiene sentimientos — he's cruel and unfeeling

* * *

masculino

1)

a) ( emoción) feeling

ser de buenos sentimientos — to be a caring person

b) ( pasión)

no se deja llevar por los sentimientos — she doesn't let herself get carried away by her emotions

canta con mucho sentimiento — he sings with a lot of feeling

c) ( pesar)

te/les acompaño en el sentimiento — my commiserations

2) sentimientos masculino plural

a) ( amor)

no juegues con sus sentimientos — don't play with his emotions o feelings

b) ( sensibilidad) feelings (pl)

herir los sentimientos de alguien — to hurt somebody's feelings

* * *

= feeling, sense, sentiment.

Ex. The idea is for volunteers who think reading is fun and important to convey these feelings to younger students.

Ex. This sense of practical issues unconfronted led to a proposal for a different approach to the curriculum debate.

Ex. The song may have been forgotten but among library users the sentiment lingers on = Puede que la canción se haya olvidado pero entre los usuarios de bibliotecas el sentimiento perdura.

----

* albergar un sentimiento = harbour + feeling.

* con gran sentimiento = earnestly.

* con sentimientos = sentient.

* consumir a uno un sentimiento de + Nombre = be consumed by + a feeling of + Nombre.

* con un profundo sentimiento de culpa = guilt-ridden.

* demostrar los sentimientos de Uno = show + Posesivo + feelings.

* demostrar los sentimientos de Uno = wear + Posesivo + heart on + Posesivo + sleeve.

* despertar un sentimiento de = stir + a sense of.

* expresar los sentimientos = release + feelings.

* expresar los sentimientos con palabras = put + Posesivo + feelings into words.

* expresar sentimientos = echo + sentiments.

* exteriorizar los sentimientos = wear + Posesivo + heart on + Posesivo + sleeve, show + Posesivo + feelings.

* falto de sentimientos = unsentimental.

* hacer aflorar sentimientos de antagonismo = bring to + the surface + feelings of antagonism.

* herir + Posesivo + sentimientos = hurt + Posesivo + feelings.

* mostrar los sentimientos de Uno = wear + Posesivo + heart on + Posesivo + sleeve, show + Posesivo + feelings.

* ocultar los sentimientos de Uno = bury + Posesivo + feelings.

* sentimiento de culpa = guilt.

* sentimiento de culpabilidad = guilty conscience, twinge of guilt.

* sentimiento de grupo = togetherness.

* sentimiento de identidad = sense of identity.

* sentimiento del colectivo = ethos.

* sentimiento de pertenecer a un lugar = sense of belonging.

* sentimiento general = groundswell.

* sentimiento humano = human feeling.

* sentimiento interno = inner feeling.

* sentimiento público = public feelings.

* sentimientos = vibes.

* sentimientos negativos = grinding of teeth.

* tener un sentimiento de = feel + a sense of.

* un fuerte sentimiento de = a strong sense of.

* * *

masculino

1)

a) ( emoción) feeling

ser de buenos sentimientos — to be a caring person

b) ( pasión)

no se deja llevar por los sentimientos — she doesn't let herself get carried away by her emotions

canta con mucho sentimiento — he sings with a lot of feeling

c) ( pesar)

te/les acompaño en el sentimiento — my commiserations

2) sentimientos masculino plural

a) ( amor)

no juegues con sus sentimientos — don't play with his emotions o feelings

b) ( sensibilidad) feelings (pl)

herir los sentimientos de alguien — to hurt somebody's feelings

* * *

= feeling, sense, sentiment.

Ex: The idea is for volunteers who think reading is fun and important to convey these feelings to younger students.

Ex: This sense of practical issues unconfronted led to a proposal for a different approach to the curriculum debate.

Ex: The song may have been forgotten but among library users the sentiment lingers on = Puede que la canción se haya olvidado pero entre los usuarios de bibliotecas el sentimiento perdura.

* albergar un sentimiento = harbour + feeling.

* con gran sentimiento = earnestly.

* con sentimientos = sentient.

* consumir a uno un sentimiento de + Nombre = be consumed by + a feeling of + Nombre.

* con un profundo sentimiento de culpa = guilt-ridden.

* demostrar los sentimientos de Uno = show + Posesivo + feelings.

* demostrar los sentimientos de Uno = wear + Posesivo + heart on + Posesivo + sleeve.

* despertar un sentimiento de = stir + a sense of.

* expresar los sentimientos = release + feelings.

* expresar los sentimientos con palabras = put + Posesivo + feelings into words.

* expresar sentimientos = echo + sentiments.

* exteriorizar los sentimientos = wear + Posesivo + heart on + Posesivo + sleeve, show + Posesivo + feelings.

* falto de sentimientos = unsentimental.

* hacer aflorar sentimientos de antagonismo = bring to + the surface + feelings of antagonism.

* herir + Posesivo + sentimientos = hurt + Posesivo + feelings.

* mostrar los sentimientos de Uno = wear + Posesivo + heart on + Posesivo + sleeve, show + Posesivo + feelings.

* ocultar los sentimientos de Uno = bury + Posesivo + feelings.

* sentimiento de culpa = guilt.

* sentimiento de culpabilidad = guilty conscience, twinge of guilt.

* sentimiento de grupo = togetherness.

* sentimiento de identidad = sense of identity.

* sentimiento del colectivo = ethos.

* sentimiento de pertenecer a un lugar = sense of belonging.

* sentimiento general = groundswell.

* sentimiento humano = human feeling.

* sentimiento interno = inner feeling.

* sentimiento público = public feelings.

* sentimientos = vibes.

* sentimientos negativos = grinding of teeth.

* tener un sentimiento de = feel + a sense of.

* un fuerte sentimiento de = a strong sense of.

* * *

sentimiento

masculine

A

1 (emoción) feeling

es una persona de muy buenos sentimientos she's a very feeling o caring person

2

(pasión): no tiene sentimientos he has no feelings

no se deja llevar por los sentimientos she doesn't let herself get carried away by her emotions, she doesn't let her emotions get the better of her

toca la guitarra/canta con mucho sentimiento he plays the guitar/sings with a lot of feeling

3

(pesar): te/les acompaño en el sentimiento my commiserations

Compuesto:

sentimiento de culpa or culpabilidad

feeling of guilt

B sentimientos mpl

1

(amor): no se atrevía a declararle sus sentimientos he did not dare to declare his feelings to her

me parece muy mal que juegues con sus sentimientos I think its very wrong of you to play with his emotions o feelings

2 (sensibilidad) feelings (pl)

aquellas palabras hirieron sus sentimientos those words hurt his feelings

* * *

sentimiento sustantivo masculino
1
a) ( emoción) feeling;

◊ ser de buenos sentimientos to be a caring person;

no se deja llevar por los sentimientos she doesn't let herself get carried away by her emotions
b) ( pesar):

◊ les acompaño en el sentimiento my commiserations

2
◊ sentimientos sustantivo masculino plural

feelings (pl);
herir los sentimientos de algn to hurt sb's feelings
sentimiento sustantivo masculino
1 feeling
2 (pena, aflicción) grief, sorrow
♦ Locuciones: (esp en un velatorio/entierro) le acompaño en el sentimiento, may I express my deepest sympathy
' sentimiento' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abrigar
- acompañar
- adueñarse
- alimentar
- atizar
- dar
- despertar
- disimulada
- disimulado
- emoción
- entregarse
- exportar
- honda
- hondo
- inconfesable
- indomable
- manifestar
- perdurable
- profunda
- profundo
- razón
- reprimir
- rescoldo
- retener
- reverencia
- revivir
- sentir
- sobreponerse
- sofocar
- soterrar
- vacía
- vacío
- veneno
- visceral
- viva
- vivo
- abrazar
- abrazo
- amor
- confesar
- crecer
- demostrar
- disfrazar
- herido
- hermanar
- intensidad
- intenso
- perdurar
- simpatía
- simular
English:
annoyance
- attraction
- aversion
- bitter
- commiserate
- condolences
- exude
- feeling
- hatred
- lingering
- maternal
- mutual
- nurture
- obscure
- outrage
- paternal
- persist
- prevail
- return
- sentiment
- show
- soulfully
- stand-offishness
- suspicious
- sympathy
- unspoken
- vicarious
- wholehearted
- emotion

* * *

sentimiento nm

1. [estado afectivo] feeling;

sentimiento de culpabilidad/soledad feeling of guilt/loneliness;

me inspira un sentimiento de rabia it makes me furious;

le acompaño en el sentimiento my condolences;

dile que la acompaño en el sentimiento please give her my condolences

2.
sentimientos [parte afectiva de persona] feelings;

¡no tienes sentimientos! you have no feelings!;

dejarse llevar por los sentimientos to get carried away;

es una persona de buenos sentimientos he's a kind-hearted person;

no juegues con los sentimientos de otros don't play with other people's emotions o feelings

3. [sentido] sense;

lo hizo por un sentimiento del deber she did it out of a sense of duty

4. [amor]
nunca le contó sus sentimientos he never declared his feelings to her

* * *

sentimiento

m feeling;

lo acompaño en el sentimiento my condolences

* * *

sentimiento nm

1) : feeling, emotion

2) pesar: regret, sorrow

* * *

sentimiento n feeling

Spanish-English dictionary > sentimiento
11 impression

impression [ɛ̃pʀesjɔ̃]

feminine noun

a. impression

• se fier à sa première impression to trust one's first impressions

• quelles sont vos impressions sur la réunion ? what did you think of the meeting?

• faire bonne/mauvaise/forte impression to make a good/bad/strong impression

• avoir l'impression que... to have a feeling that...

b. [de livre, tissu, motif] printing

• « impression écran » (Computing) "print screen"

• ce livre en est à sa 3^e impression this book is in its 3rd reprint

• le livre est à l'impression the book is being printed

* * *
ɛ̃pʀesjɔ̃
nom féminin

1) (sentiment, sensation) impression

avoir l'impression de faire — to feel one is doing

j'ai l'impression d'être surveillé — I feel I am being watched

j'ai (comme (colloq)) l'impression que/d'avoir... — I've got a (funny) feeling that/I have...

le film laisse une impression de malaise — this film leaves one feeling uneasy

ça m'a fait une drôle d'impression de les revoir — it was a strange feeling seeing them again

2) (de textes, tissus) printing

faire de l'impression sur tissu — to print on fabric

l'ouvrage est à l'impression — the book is with the printers

3) ( motif imprimé) pattern

4) Photographie exposure

* * *
ɛ̃pʀesjɔ̃ nf
1) (= sentiment) impression

J'en avais retiré une impression mitigée. — I came away with a mixed impression.

impressions de voyage — impressions of one's journey

donner une impression de — to give the impression of

donner l'impression que — to give the impression that

avoir l'impression de — to have the impression of

avoir l'impression que — to have the impression that

2) (= effet)

faire impression — to make an impression

faire bonne impression — to make a good impression

Il a fait bonne impression à ma mère. — He made a good impression on my mother.

3) (= empreinte) impression

4) [ouvrage, tissu, photos] printing

* * *

impression nf

1 ( sentiment immédiat) impression; quelles sont vos impressions? what are your impressions?; ma première impression a été que… my first impression was that…; échangez vos impressions tell each other your impressions; se fier à ses impressions to trust one's first impressions;

2 ( marque morale) impression; faire peu/beaucoup d'impression to make little/a great impression; faire impression [personne, exploit] to make an impression; faire bonne/mauvaise impression to make a good/bad impression (sur qn on sb); faire forte impression to make a strong impression; il ne m'a fait aucune impression he didn't make any impression on me;

3 ( sensation) impression; avoir l'impression de faire to feel one is doing; j'ai l'impression de planer/d'étouffer/d'être surveillé I feel I am gliding/suffocating/being watched; j'ai comme l'impression d'avoir○… iron I somehow feel I have…; avoir l'impression que to have a feeling that; j'ai comme l'impression que○… iron I have a vague feeling that…; donner une impression d'immensité/de chaleur/de satiété to give an impression of vastness/of warmth/of satiety; donner l'impression de faire/d'être to give the impression of doing/being; donner l'impression que… to give the impression that…; il veut donner l'impression qu'il écoute/participe he wants to give the impression that he is listening/participating; le film laisse une impression de malaise this film leaves one feeling uneasy; ça m'a fait une drôle d'impression de les revoir it was a strange feeling seeing them again;

4 Imprim, Tech (de textes, tissus, billets, d'affiches) printing; faire de l'impression sur tissu to print on fabric; technique d'impression printing process; défaut d'impression printing error; impression en couleurs colour^GB printing; impression typographique/offset letterpress/offset printing; l'ouvrage est à l'impression the book is with the printers; faute d'impression misprint;

5 ( motif imprimé) pattern;

6 Phot exposure; temps d'impression exposure time;

7 Art, Constr primer.

[ɛ̃presjɔ̃] nom féminin

1. [effet, réaction] impression

faire bonne/mauvaise impression to make a good/a bad impression

faire une forte ou grosse impression to make quite a strong impression

il donne l'impression de s'ennuyer he seems to be bored

2. [sensation]

avoir l'impression [croire]: j'ai l'impression qu'elle ne viendra plus I have a feeling (that) she won't come

j'ai comme l'impression qu'il mentait (familier) I have a hunch he was lying

j'ai l'impression d'avoir déjà vécu cette scène I've got a strong sense of déjà vu

3. [empreinte] impression, mark

4. [motif, dessin] pattern

5. IMPRIMERIE printing

envoyer un manuscrit à l'impression to send a manuscript off to press ou the printer's

6. PHOTOGRAPHIE exposure

7. [en peinture] priming, ground

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > impression
12 feeling

noun

1) (sense of touch)

[sense of] feeling — Tastsinn, der

have no feeling in one's legs — kein Gefühl in den Beinen haben

2) (physical sensation, emotion) Gefühl, das

what are your feelings for each other? — was empfindet ihr füreinander?

say something with feeling — etwas mit Nachdruck sagen

feelings were running high — Emotionen wurden geweckt

bad feeling — (jealousy) Neid, der; (annoyance) Verstimmung, die

3) in pl. (sensibilities) Gefühle

hurt somebody's feelings — jemanden verletzen

4) (belief) Gefühl, das

have a/the feeling [that]... — das Gefühl haben, dass...

5) (sentiment) Ansicht, die

the general feeling was that... — man war allgemein der Ansicht, dass...

* * *

noun

1) (power and ability to feel: I have no feeling in my little finger.) das Gefühl

2) (something that one feels physically: a feeling of great pain.) das Gefühl

3) ((usually in plural) something that one feels in one's mind: His angry words hurt my feelings; a feeling of happiness.) das Gefühl

4) (an impression or belief: I have a feeling that the work is too hard.) das Gefühl

5) (affection: He has no feeling for her now.) das Gefühl

6) (emotion: He spoke with great feeling.) das Gefühl

* * *

feel·ing

[ˈfi:lɪŋ]

n

1. (emotion) Gefühl nt

▪ sb's \feelings for sb jds Gefühle für jdn

I wanted to spare his \feelings ich wollte ihn nicht kränken

no hard \feelings! (don't be angry) nicht böse sein!; (no offence meant) nichts für ungut!

mixed \feelings gemischte Gefühle

I have mixed \feelings about letting her go on her own es ist mir nicht ganz wohl dabei, wenn ich sie allein gehen lasse

to hurt sb's \feelings jds Gefühle verletzen

2. (sensation) Gefühl nt (of + gen/ von + dat)

dizzy \feeling Schwindelgefühl nt

to have a \feeling of sth etw verspüren

I had a \feeling of sheer elation ich war einfach begeistert

when he died, I had this enormous \feeling of loss als er starb, fehlte er mir so sehr

3. (reaction) Gefühl nt

bad \feeling [or AM \feelings] böses Blut

to cause bad \feeling [or AM \feelings] böses Blut verursachen

4. (impression) Gefühl nt, Eindruck m

it's just a \feeling es ist nur so ein Gefühl

I got the \feeling that I wasn't welcome ich hatte den Eindruck, nicht willkommen zu sein

to have the distinct/strong \feeling that... das bestimmte/starke Gefühl haben, dass...

5. (opinion) Meinung f, Ansicht f (about/on über + akk)

what are your \feelings about the present crisis? wie denken Sie über die derzeitige Krise?

to have strong \feelings about sth strenge Ansichten über etw akk haben

6. no pl (passion) Gefühl nt, Emotion f

with \feeling gefühlvoll

one more, please, with \feeling bitte noch einmal, mit Gefühl

7. no pl (touch) Gefühl nt

to lose the \feeling in one's arm/leg das Gefühl in seinem Arm/Bein verlieren

8. no pl (atmosphere) Stimmung f

\feeling of tension angespannte Stimmung

welcoming \feeling einladende Atmosphäre

9. no pl (talent)

▪ to get/have a \feeling for sth für etw akk ein Gespür bekommen/haben

\feeling for language Sprachgefühl nt

10. no pl (character) Ambiente nt, Flair nt

* * *
['fiːlɪŋ]
n

1) (= sense of touch) Gefühl nt, Empfindung f

I've lost all feeling in my right arm — ich habe kein Gefühl mehr im rechten Arm

2) (= physical, mental sensation, emotion) Gefühl nt

a feeling of pain/warmth — ein Gefühl nt des Schmerzes/der Wärme

I had a feeling of isolation — ich kam mir ganz isoliert vor

he doesn't have much feeling for his sister —

his voice trembled with feeling — seine Stimme bebte vor Gefühl

I know the feeling — ich weiß, wie das ist

3) (= presentiment) (Vor)gefühl nt

I've a funny feeling she won't come — ich hab so das Gefühl, dass sie nicht kommt

4) (= opinion also feelings) Meinung f, Ansicht f (on zu)

there was a general feeling that... — man war allgemein der Ansicht, dass...

ill or bad feeling — Verstimmung f

good feeling — Wohlwollen nt

there's been a lot of bad feeling about this decision — wegen dieser Entscheidung hat es viel böses Blut gegeben

5) (= talent) Gefühl nt

6)

feelings — Gefühle pl

to have feelings for sb — Gefühle für jdn haben

you've hurt his feelings — Sie haben ihn verletzt

no hard feelings! — ich nehme es dir nicht übel

no hard feelings? — nimm es mir nicht übel

* * *

feeling

A s

1. Gefühl n, Gefühlssinn m:

feeling of hunger Hungergefühl

2. Gefühlszustand m, Stimmung f:

bad ( oder ill) feeling Groll m, Feindseligkeit f, böses Blut, Ressentiment n;

good feeling Wohlwollen n;

no hard feelings

a) nicht böse sein!,

b) (das) macht nichts!;

I know the feeling das kann ich dir nachfühlen

3. Rührung f, Auf-, Erregung f:

with feeling

a) mit Gefühl, gefühlvoll,

b) mit Nachdruck,

c) erbittert; → academic.ru/34766/high">high B 1

4. (Gefühls)Eindruck m:

I have a feeling that … ich habe das Gefühl, dass …

5. Gefühl n, Gesinnung f, Ansicht f, Einstellung f, Empfindung f;

strong feelings pl

a) starke Überzeugung,

b) Erregung f;

have strong feelings about

a) entschiedene Ansichten haben über (akk),

b) sich erregen über (akk);

feelings of guilt Schuldgefühle;

regardless of one’s feelings about abortion unabhängig davon, wie man zu Abtreibung steht

6. Fein-, Mitgefühl n, Empfindsamkeit f:

have a feeling for Gefühl haben für

7. (Vor)Gefühl n, Ahnung f

8. pl Empfindlichkeit f, Gefühle pl:

hurt sb’s feelings jemandes Gefühle oder jemanden verletzen

B adj (adv feelingly)

1. fühlend, empfindend, Gefühls…

2. gefühlvoll, mitfühlend

3. lebhaft (empfunden), voll Gefühl

* * *

noun

1) (sense of touch)

[sense of] feeling — Tastsinn, der

have no feeling in one's legs — kein Gefühl in den Beinen haben

2) (physical sensation, emotion) Gefühl, das

what are your feelings for each other? — was empfindet ihr füreinander?

say something with feeling — etwas mit Nachdruck sagen

feelings were running high — Emotionen wurden geweckt

bad feeling — (jealousy) Neid, der; (annoyance) Verstimmung, die

3) in pl. (sensibilities) Gefühle

hurt somebody's feelings — jemanden verletzen

4) (belief) Gefühl, das

have a/the feeling [that]... — das Gefühl haben, dass...

5) (sentiment) Ansicht, die

the general feeling was that... — man war allgemein der Ansicht, dass...

* * *

n.

Empfindung f.

Gefühl -e n.

English-german dictionary > feeling
13 fort

fort, e [fɔʀ, fɔʀt]

━━━━━━━━━

1. adjective

2. adverb

3. masculine noun

━━━━━━━━━

1. <

   a. strong

• il est fort comme un bœuf he's as strong as an ox

• le dollar est une monnaie forte the dollar is a strong currency

• de la moutarde forte strong mustard

• un fort accent anglais a strong English accent

• un fort vent du sud a strong southerly wind

• c'est plus fort que moi I can't help it

• c'est une forte tête he (or she) is a rebel

► fort de

• une équipe forte de 15 personnes a team of 15 people

• fort de son expérience, il... wiser for this experience, he...

   b. ( = gros) [personne, poitrine] large ; [hanches] broad

   c. ( = intense) [bruit, voix] loud ; [dégoût, crainte] great ; [douleur, chaleur] intense ; [fièvre] high

• il y a quelques moments forts dans son film there are some powerful scenes in his film

• au sens fort du terme in the strongest sense of the term

   d. ( = raide) [pente] steep

   e. ( = violent) [secousse, coup] hard ; [houle, pluies] heavy

• mer très forte very rough sea

   f. ( = excessif) (inf) c'est trop fort ! that's going too far!

• c'est un peu fort (inf) that's going a bit far

• et le plus fort, c'est que... and the best part of it is that...

   g. ( = important) (avant le nom) [somme, dose] large ; [baisse, différence, augmentation] big ; [consommation] high

   h. ( = doué) good (en at)

• il est fort en histoire he's good at history

• être fort sur un sujet to be good at a subject

• ce n'est pas très fort de sa part (inf) that's not very clever of him

• c'est trop fort pour moi it's beyond me

2. <

   a. ( = intensément) [lancer, serrer, souffler, frapper] hard

• sentir fort to have a strong smell

• respirez bien fort take a deep breath

• son cœur battait très fort his heart was pounding

• le feu marche trop fort the fire is burning too fast

• tu as fait fort ! (inf) that was a bit much! (inf)

   b. ( = bruyamment) loudly

• parlez plus fort speak up

• mets la radio moins fort turn the radio down

• mets la radio plus fort turn the radio up

   c. ( = beaucoup) greatly

• j'en doute fort I very much doubt it

• j'ai fort à faire avec lui I've got my work cut out with him

   d. ( = très) (formal) very

• c'est fort bon it is exceedingly good

• il y avait fort peu de monde there were very few people

► fort bien [dessiné, dit, conservé] extremely well

• je peux fort bien m'en passer I can quite easily do without it

• fort bien ! excellent!

   e. ► se faire fort de to be confident that

• nos champions se font fort de remporter la victoire our champions are confident they will win

• je me fais fort de le convaincre I have every confidence I can convince him

3. <

   a. ( = forteresse) fort

   b. ( = personne) un fort en thème a swot (inf) (Brit) a grind (inf) (US)

   c. ( = spécialité) forte

• l'amabilité n'est pas son fort kindness is not his strong point

   d. ► au plus fort de... at the height of...

* * *

1.

forte fɔʀ, fɔʀt adjectif

1) ( puissant) strong

armée forte de 10000 hommes — 10,000-strong army

fort d'un chiffre d'affaires en hausse — boasting an increased turnover

forts de leur expérience... — boosted by their experience...

le roi est plus fort que la dame — a king is worth more than a queen

trouver plus fort que soi — to meet one's match

s'attaquer à plus fort que soi — to take on someone bigger than oneself

2) ( résistant) strong

3) ( intense) [bruit] loud; [lumière] bright; [chaleur, activité, pression] intense; [crampe] bad; [fièvre] high; [soupçon] strong; [crainte, colère] deep

une forte grippe — a bad attack of flu

avoir une forte envie de faire — to feel a strong desire to do

4) ( violent) [coup] hard; [pluie] heavy; [vent] strong

5) ( concentré) [café, cigarette, alcool] strong; [épice] hot

6) ( net) [accent, personnalité, odeur, tendance, impression] strong; [pente] steep; [somme, majorité, réduction] large; [taux, inflation, consommation] high; [expansion, pénurie] great; [baisse, augmentation] sharp; [différence] big; [contingent, dose, croissance] strong

forte émigration — high level of emigration

7) ( doué) good (en, à at; pour faire at doing)

il est fort pour ne rien faire — hum he's good at doing nothing

8) ( ferme) [personne] strong

9) ( gros) [personne] stout; [hanches] broad; [poitrine] large; [cuisses] big

être forte de poitrine — to have a large bust

10) (colloq) ( exagéré)

c'est un peu fort! — that's a bit much! (colloq)

le plus fort, c'est que... — ( surprenant) the most amazing thing is that...; ( absurde) the most ridiculous thing is that...

2.

adverbe

1) ( très) [bon, déçu, émouvant] extremely; [bien, vite] very

c'est fort dommage — it's a great pity

2) ( beaucoup) [douter] very much

j'ai eu fort à faire (colloq) pour le convaincre — I had a hard job convincing him

3) ( avec force) [frapper, tirer, frotter] hard; [serrer] tight; [respirer] deeply; [parler, crier] loudly; [sentir] strongly

souffle fort! — blow hard!

le vent souffle fort — there's a strong wind

parler de plus en plus fort — to speak louder and louder

mon cœur bat trop fort — my heart is beating too fast

le chauffage marche trop fort — the heating is turned up too high

y aller un peu fort — (colloq) to go a bit too far

y aller un peu fort sur la moutarde — to overdo the mustard

4) ( bien) well

il ne va pas très fort — he's not very well

faire or frapper (très) fort — (colloq) to do (really) well

attaquer très fort — (colloq) to start off really well

3.

nom masculin

1) ( ouvrage fortifié) fort

2) ( personne puissante) strong person

3) ( domaine d'excellence) strong point, forte

4.

au plus fort de locution prépositive

au plus fort de l'été — at the height of summer

au plus fort de l'hiver — in the depths of winter

au plus fort de la bataille — in the thick of the fighting

Phrasal Verbs:

- fort en thème

- forte tête

••

fort comme un bœuf or Turc — strong as an ox

c'est plus fort que moi/qu'elle — ( incontrôlable) I/she just can't help it

c'est plus fort que l'as de pique (colloq) or que de jouer au bouchon — (colloq) that beats it all, that takes the biscuit (colloq)

* * *
fɔʀ, fɔʀt fort, -e
1. adj

1) (physiquement, politiquement, économiquement) strong

fort comme un bœuf — as strong as an ox

la loi du plus fort — the survival of the fittest

2) (par le goût, l'effet, la sensation) (café, médicament, odeur) strong, (sauce) hot, (alcool) strong

Le café est trop fort. — The coffee's too strong.

3) (rendement) high, (intensité) great, (pluie) heavy

une forte augmentation de la température — a big increase in temperature

4) (= corpulent) large

5) (= doué)

être fort (en) — to be good (at)

Il est très fort en espagnol. — He's very good at Spanish.

se faire fort de faire — to claim one can do

6) (autres locutions)

fort de; fort de son expérience — with a wealth of experience

une équipe forte de vingt chercheurs — a team of twenty researchers

c'est un peu fort! — it's a bit much!

à plus forte raison — even more so, all the more reason

une forte tête — a rebel

2. adv

1) [serrer, frapper] hard

2) [sonner] loudly

Est-ce vous pouvez parler plus fort? — Can you speak louder?

3) soutenu (= très) most

C'est fort désagréable. — It's most unpleasant.

fort bien... (avec adjectif) — very well...

fort bien! — very well!

fort peu (avec adjectif) — not at all

fort peu loquace — not at all talkative, (emploi pronominal) very few

fort peu de — very few

4) (= beaucoup) greatly, very much

Il appréciait fort sa compagnie. — He very much enjoyed his company.

avoir fort à faire avec qn — to have a hard time with sb

3. nm

1) (= édifice) fort

2) (= point fort) strong point, forte

3) (emploi substantivé, généralement pluriel) (personne, pays)

les forts — the strong

4) (autre locution)

au plus fort de (= au milieu de) — in the thick of, at the height of

* * *

fort, forte

A adj

1 ( puissant) [personne, pays, monnaie, économie, lunettes, médicament] strong; armée forte de 10 000 hommes 10,000-strong army; notre compagnie est forte de 30 appareils Aviat our airline can boast 30 aircraft; fort d'un chiffre d'affaires en hausse/de trois joueurs internationaux… boasting an increased turnover/three international players…; forts de leur approbation/expérience… boosted ou fortified by their approval/experience…; le roi est plus fort que la dame Jeux a king is worth more than a queen; trouver plus fort que soi to meet one's match; s'attaquer or s'en prendre à plus fort que soi to take on someone bigger than oneself; ⇒ partie;

2 ( résistant) [carton, papier, colle] strong;

3 ( intense) [bruit] loud; [lumière] bright; [chaleur, activité, pression] intense; [crampe, douleur] bad; [fièvre] high; [sentiment, soupçon] strong; [crainte, colère, mécontentement] deep; une forte grippe a bad attack of flu; avoir une forte envie de faire to feel a strong desire to do;

4 ( violent) [coup, poussée, secousse] hard; [pluie] heavy; [vent] strong;

5 ( concentré) [café, cigarette, alcool, moutarde] strong; [épice, piment, curry] hot; un vin fort a strong wine, a wine with a high degree of alcohol; au sens fort du mot fig in the fullest sense of the word;

6 ( accusé) [accent, personnalité, odeur, tendance, impression] strong; [pente] steep;

7 ( ample) [somme, majorité, réduction] large; [concentration, taux, inflation] high; [demande, consommation] high, heavy; [expansion, pénurie] great; [baisse, augmentation] sharp; [croissance] strong; [différence] big; [délégation, contingent, dose] strong; forte émigration/abstention high level of emigration/abstention; de forte puissance very powerful;

8 ( doué) good (en, à at; pour faire at doing); ceux qui sont forts en latin those who are good at Latin; il est fort pour ne rien faire iron he's good at doing nothing;

9 ( ferme) [personne] strong; rester fort dans le malheur to remain strong in adversity; je me fais fort de la convaincre I feel confident ou I am sure that I can convince her;

10 ( gros) [personne] stout; [hanches] broad; [poitrine] large; [cuisses] big; être forte de poitrine to have a large bust;

11 ○( exagéré) c'est un peu fort! that's a bit much○!; ( prix) that's a bit steep○!; le plus fort, c'est que… ( surprenant) the most amazing thing is that…; ( absurde) the most ridiculous thing is that…

B adv

1 ( très) [bon, déçu, émouvant, mécontent] extremely; [bien, logiquement, vite] very; fort recherché/demandé very much sought after/in demand; c'est fort dommage it's a great pity, it's extremely regrettable;

2 ( beaucoup) [douter, soupçonner] very much; avoir fort à faire○ to have a lot to do; j'ai eu fort à faire○ pour le convaincre I had a hard job convincing him;

3 ( avec force) [frapper, tirer, pousser, frotter] hard; [serrer] tight; [respirer] deeply; [parler, crier] loudly; [sentir] strongly; [coller] firmly; souffle fort! blow hard!; le vent souffle fort there's a strong wind; parler de plus en plus fort to speak louder and louder; mon cœur bat trop fort my heart is beating too fast; le chauffage marche trop fort the heating is turned up too high; dire haut et fort to say loud and clear; y aller un peu fort○ to go a bit too far; y aller un peu fort sur la moutarde/le sel to overdo the mustard/the salt; revenir très fort [coureur, équipe] to make a strong comeback;

4 ( bien) well; il ne va pas très fort he's not very well; (moi) ça ne va pas très fort I'm not all that well○; chez eux ça ne va pas très fort things aren't going so well for them; marcher fort [entreprise] to do well; faire or frapper (très) fort○ to do (really) well; attaquer or commencer très fort○ to start off really well.

C nm

1 Archit, Mil ( ouvrage fortifié) fort;

2 ( personne puissante) strong person; les forts et les faibles the strong and the weak; ⇒ raison;

3 ( domaine d'excellence) strong point; les échecs ne sont pas mon fort chess is not my strong point; la générosité n'est pas ton fort generosity is not your strong point.

D au plus fort de loc prép au plus fort de l'été/de l'incendie at the height of summer/of the fire; au plus fort de l'hiver in the depths of winter; au plus fort de la bataille in the thick of the fighting; au plus fort de la pluie in the middle of the downpour.

Composés

fort des halles market porter; fig Goliath; fort en thème○ Scol swot○ GB, grind○ US; forte tête rebel.

Idiomes

fort comme un bœuf or Turc strong as an ox; c'est plus fort que moi/qu'elle ( incontrôlable) I/she just can't help it; c'est plus fort que l'as de pique○ or que de jouer au bouchon that beats it all, that takes the biscuit○.

( féminin forte) [fɔr, fɔrt] adjectif

A.[QUI A DE LA PUISSANCE, DE L'EFFET]

1. [vigoureux - personne, bras] strong, sturdy ; [ - vent] strong, high ; [ - courant, jet] strong ; [ - secousse] hard ; [ - pluies] heavy

mer forte MÉTÉOROLOGIE rough sea

fort comme un Turc ou un bœuf as strong as an ox

2. [d'une grande résistance morale]

une âme forte a steadfast soul

rester fort dans l'adversité to remain strong ou to stand firm in the face of adversity

3. [autoritaire, contraignant - régime] strong-arm (avant nom)

4. [puissant - syndicat, parti, économie] strong, powerful ; [ - monnaie] strong, hard ; [ - carton, loupe, tranquillisant] strong

l'as est plus fort que le roi the ace is higher than the king

colle (très) forte (super) ou extra strong glue

c'est plus fort que moi I can't help it

fort de: fort de son expérience with a wealth of experience behind him

fort de leur protection reassured by their protection

une équipe forte de 40 hommes a 40-strong team

l'homme fort du parti the strong man of the party

5. [de grand impact - œuvre, film] powerful ; [ - argument] weighty, powerful, forcible

B.[MARQUÉ]

1. [épais, corpulent - jambes] big, thick ; [ - personne] stout, large ; [ - hanches] broad, large, wide

avoir la taille forte to be big around the waist

2. [important quantitativement - dénivellation] steep, pronounced ; [ - accent] strong, pronounced, marked ; [ - fièvre, taux] high ; [ - hausse] large ; [ - somme] large, big ; [ - concentration] high ; [ - bruit] loud ; [ - différence] great, big

il est prêt à payer le prix fort he's willing to pay the full price

3. [grand, intense - amour, haine] strong, intense ; [ - douleur] intense, great ; [ - influence] strong, big, great ; [ - propension] marked

il recherche les sensations fortes he's after big thrills

avoir une forte volonté to be strong-willed, to have a strong will

elle a une forte personnalité she's got a strong personality

4. [café, thé, moutarde, tabac] strong

[sauce] hot, spicy

[odeur] strong

5. (familier & locution)

et c'est moi qui devrais payer? alors ça c'est trop fort! and I should pay? that's a bit much!

le plus fort, c'est qu'il avait raison! the best of it is that he was right!

C.[HABILE] [compétent, doué]

le marketing, c'est là qu'il est fort/que sa société est forte marketing is his/his company's strong point

trouver plus fort que soi to meet one's match

pour donner des leçons, elle est très forte! she's very good at lecturing people!

fort en gymnastique/en langues very good at gymnastics/at languages

————————

adverbe

1. [avec vigueur - taper, tirer] hard

pousse plus fort push harder

[avec intensité]

sentir fort to smell

mets le gaz plus/moins fort turn the gas up/down

le gaz est trop fort the gas is too high

tu y vas un peu fort! you're going a bit far!

2. [bruyamment - parler] loudly, loud

parle plus fort, on ne t'entend pas speak up, we can't hear you

parle moins fort lower your voice

mets le son plus/moins fort turn the sound up/down

3. (soutenu) [très]

fort désagréable most disagreeable

fort joli very pretty

fort bien, partons à midi! very well, let's leave at noon!

j'en suis fort aise! (humoristique) I'm very pleased to hear it!

4. (locution)

là, tu as fait très fort! you've really excelled yourself!

————————

nom masculin

1. [physiquement, moralement]

les forts et les faibles the strong and the weak

[intellectuellement]

un fort en thème a swot

2. [spécialité] forte

la politesse n'est pas son fort! politeness isn't his strongest point!

3. [forteresse] fort

————————

au (plus) fort de locution prépositionnelle

au (plus) fort de l'hiver in the depths of winter

au (plus) fort de l'été in the height of summer

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > fort

14 puissant

puissant, e [pyisɑ̃, ɑ̃t]

1. adjective

powerful

2. masculine noun

• les puissants the powerful

* * *

1.

puissante pɥisɑ̃, ɑ̃t adjectif gén powerful; [sentiment] strong

2.

puissants nom masculin pluriel

les puissants — the powerful (+ v pl), the mighty (+ v pl)

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pɥisɑ̃, ɑ̃t adj puissant, -e
powerful

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puissant, puissante

A adj

1 Tech [moteur, véhicule, ordinateur, bombe, freins] powerful;

2 ( intense) [voix] powerful; [sentiment, émotion] strong; [parfum, arôme] hum powerful;

3 ( fort) [personne, animal, épaules, mâchoires, mouvement] powerful; un puissant athlète a powerful athlete;

4 ( influent) [personne, pays, syndicat, secteur] powerful; un organisme très puissant a very powerful organization;

5 ( efficace) [antidote, détergent] powerful.

B puissants nmpl les puissants the powerful, the mighty.

( féminin puissante) [pɥisɑ̃, ɑ̃t] adjectif

1. [efficace - remède] powerful, potent, efficacious (soutenu) ; [ - antidote, armée, ordinateur] powerful ; [ - membre, mouvement] strong, powerful, mighty (littéraire)

2. [intense - odeur, voix] strong, powerful

3. [influent] powerful, mighty (littéraire)

4. [profond] powerful

un puissant instinct de conservation a powerful instinct of self-preservation

5. GÉOLOGIE thick

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puissants nom masculin pluriel

les puissants the powerful

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > puissant

15 feeling

feeling

A n

1 ( emotion) sentiment m ; feeling and reason le cœur et la raison ; a guilty feeling un sentiment de culpabilité ; it is a strange feeling to be c'est une sensation étrange que d'être ; to hide/show one's feelings cacher/montrer ses sentiments ; to put one's feelings into words trouver des mots pour dire ce que l'on ressent ; to spare sb's feelings ménager qn ; to hurt sb's feelings blesser qn ; what are your feelings for her? quels sont tes sentiments pour elle? ; to have tender feelings for ou towards sb éprouver de la tendresse pour qn ; I know the feeling! je connais ça! ; ‘never!’ she said with feeling ‘jamais!’ dit-elle avec emportement ;

2 (opinion, belief) sentiment m ; there is a growing feeling that on a de plus en plus le sentiment que ; the feeling among Russians is that le sentiment des Russes est que ; my own feeling is that, my own feelings are that mon sentiment est que ; to have strong feelings about sth avoir des idées bien arrêtées sur qch ; popular/religious feeling le sentiment populaire/religieux ; feelings are running high les esprits s'échauffent ;

3 ( sensitivity) sensibilité f ; a person of feeling une personne sensible ; have you no feeling? n'as-tu pas de cœur? ; he played with feeling son interprétation était pleine de sensibilité ; to speak with great feeling parler avec beaucoup de passion ; to have no feeling for nature être insensible à la nature ;

4 ( impression) impression f ; it's just a feeling ce n'est qu'une impression ; a feeling of being trapped l'impression d'être coincé ; I've got a horrible feeling (that) I've forgotten my passport j'ai l'horrible impression d'avoir oublié mon passeport ; I had a feeling you'd say that je sentais que tu allais dire ça ; I had a feeling (that) I might see you je me disais bien que j'aurais des chances de te voir ; I get the feeling he doesn't like me iron j'ai comme l'impression qu'il ne m'aime pas iron ; I've got a bad feeling about this j'ai le pressentiment que cela va mal se passer ; I've got a bad feeling about her je me méfie d'elle ;

5 ( physical sensation) sensation f ; a dizzy feeling une sensation de vertige ; a loss of feeling in sth une perte de sensation dans qch ;

6 ( atmosphere) ambiance f ; an eerie feeling une ambiance sinistre ; there was a general feeling of tension l'ambiance était tendue ; the general feeling was that you were right la majorité des gens te donnent raison ;

7 ( instinct) don m (for pour).

B adj [person] sensible ; [gesture, remark] sympathique.

Big English-French dictionary > feeling

16 feeling

feeling ['fi:lɪŋ]

1 noun

(a) (sensation) sensation f;

∎ she gets a tingling feeling in her fingers elle a une sensation de fourmillement dans les doigts;

∎ I don't have any feeling in my left foot je n'ai plus aucune sensation dans le pied gauche;

∎ there's a feeling of spring in the air ça sent le printemps

(b) (opinion) avis m, opinion f;

∎ she has very strong feelings about it elle a des opinions très arrêtées là-dessus;

∎ I don't have any strong feelings about it ça m'est plus ou moins égal;

∎ what is your feeling about…? que pensez-vous de…?;

∎ the feeling I have is that… à mon avis…;

∎ the general feeling is that…, there is a general feeling that… l'opinion générale est que…

(c) (awareness → relating to the future) pressentiment m; (→ caused by external factors) impression f;

∎ I had a feeling he would write j'avais le pressentiment qu'il allait écrire;

∎ I had a feeling you'd say that j'étais sûr que tu allais dire ça;

∎ I have a nasty feeling that… j'ai le mauvais pressentiment que…;

∎ I have a strong feeling that… j'ai bien l'impression que…;

∎ it's just a feeling c'est un pressentiment, ce n'est qu'une impression;

∎ a feeling of unease came over her elle a commencé à se sentir mal à l'aise;

∎ I have a feeling that somebody's watching us j'ai l'impression que quelqu'un nous observe;

∎ I have the feeling you're trying to avoid me j'ai l'impression que tu essaies de m'éviter

(d) (sensitivity, understanding) émotion f, sensibilité f;

∎ a writer/a person of great feeling un écrivain/une personne d'une grande sensibilité;

∎ to play the piano/to sing with feeling jouer du piano/chanter avec cœur ou sentiment;

∎ to have a feeling for poetry/music être sensible à ou apprécier la poésie/la musique;

∎ she has a tremendous feeling for Latin-American rhythm elle a vraiment le rythme de la musique latino-américaine dans la peau;

∎ to show feeling for sb faire preuve de sympathie pour qn;

∎ you have no feeling for other people les autres te sont indifférents;

∎ to appeal to sb's better feelings faire appel aux bons sentiments de qn

(e) (often pl) (emotion) sentiment m;

∎ to have mixed feelings about sb/sth avoir des sentiments mitigés à l'égard de qn/qch;

∎ feelings are running high les passions sont déchaînées;

∎ feelings are running high about the new road la nouvelle route déchaîne les passions;

∎ to hurt sb's feelings blesser qn;

∎ to show one's feelings extérioriser ses émotions;

∎ bad or ill feeling hostilité f;

∎ it has caused a lot of bad feeling cela a provoqué une grande hostilité;

∎ I know the feeling je sais ce que c'est;

∎ the feeling is mutual c'est réciproque;

∎ he spoke on the subject of poverty with great feeling il a parlé de la pauvreté avec énormément d'émotion;

∎ to say sth with feeling dire qch avec émotion;

∎ no hard feelings? sans rancune?

2 adjective

(person, look) sympathique

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > feeling

17 feeling

feeling [ˈfi:lɪŋ]

noun

   a. (physical) sensation f

   b. ( = impression) sentiment m

• I've got a funny feeling she will succeed j'ai comme l'impression qu'elle va réussir

• I know the feeling! je sais ce que c'est !

• there was a general feeling that... on avait l'impression que...

   c. ( = emotion) sentiment m

• he appealed to their feelings rather than their reason il faisait appel à leurs sentiments plutôt qu'à leur raison

• you can imagine my feelings when I heard the news tu t'imagines ce que j'ai ressenti quand j'ai appris la nouvelle

• feelings ran high about the new motorway la nouvelle autoroute a déchaîné les passions

• I didn't mean to hurt your feelings je ne voulais pas te blesser

   d. ( = sensitivity) émotion f ; ( = compassion) sympathie f

• she sang with feeling elle a chanté avec sentiment

• he spoke with great feeling il a parlé avec chaleur

• ill feeling animosité f

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['fiːlɪŋ] 1.
noun

1) ( emotion) sentiment m

it is a strange feeling to be — c'est une sensation étrange que d'être

to put one's feelings into words — trouver des mots pour dire ce que l'on ressent

to spare somebody's feelings — ménager quelqu'un

to hurt somebody's feelings — blesser quelqu'un

2) (opinion, belief) sentiment m

I have strong feelings about it — c'est quelque chose qui me tient à cœur

feelings are running high — les esprits s'échauffent

3) ( sensitivity) sensibilité f

have you no feeling? — n'as-tu pas de cœur?

to speak with great feeling — parler avec beaucoup de passion

4) ( impression) impression f

I had a feeling you'd say that — je sentais que tu allais dire ça

I've got a bad feeling about this — j'ai le pressentiment que cela va mal se passer

I've got a bad feeling about her — je me méfie d'elle

5) ( physical sensation) sensation f

a dizzy feeling — une sensation de vertige

6) ( atmosphere) ambiance f

there was a general feeling of tension — l'ambiance était tendue

7) ( instinct) don m ( for pour)
2.
adjective [person] sensible; [gesture] sympathique

English-French dictionary > feeling

18 Historical Portugal

   Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.

   A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.

   Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140

   The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."

   In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.

   The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.

   Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385

   Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in

   Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.

   The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.

   Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580

   The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.

   The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.

   What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.

   By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.

   Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.

   The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.

   By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.

   In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.

   Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640

   Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.

   Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.

   On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.

   Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822

   Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.

   Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.

   In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the

   Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.

   Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.

   Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.

   Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910

   During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.

   Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.

   Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.

   Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.

   Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.

   As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.

   First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26

   Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.

   The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.

   Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.

   The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74

   During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."

   Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.

   For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),

   and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.

   The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.

   With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.

   During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.

   The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.

   At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.

   The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.

   Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76

   Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.

   Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.

   In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.

   In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.

   In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.

   The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until

   UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.

   Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000

   After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.

   From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.

   Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.

   Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.

   In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.

   In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.

   Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.

    Contemporary Portugal

   Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.

   The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.

   Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.

   Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).

   All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.

   The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.

   After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.

   Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.

   Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.

   From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.

   Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.

   In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.

   An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

19 continuar

v.

1 to continue, to go on, to carry on with.

los peregrinos continuaron su camino the pilgrims went or continued on their way

continuar haciendo algo to continue doing o to do something

continúa lloviendo it's still raining

todavía continúa en la empresa she's still with o working for the company

continuará to be continued (historia, programa)

El suplicio continuó The torture continued.

María continuó el trabajo de Ricardo Mary continued John's work.

Me continúa el dolor My pain persists=continues.

2 to keep on, to continue to.

Yo continúo estudiando I keep on studying.

3 to continue to be.

* * *

continuar

Conjugation model [ ACTUAR], like link=actuar actuar

► verbo transitivo

1 (proseguir) to continue, carry on

■ continuó su camino she continued on her way

■ continuaron su viaje they continued their journey

► verbo intransitivo

1 (permanecer, durar) to continue, go on

■ el espectáculo continúa the show continues

■ continúa lloviendo it's still raining

■ Pablo continúa en Praga Pablo is still in Prague

► verbo pronominal continuarse

1 (extenderse) to extend, run

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

'Continuará' (capítulos, episodios, etc) "To be continued"

* * *

verb

to continue, go on

* * *

1.

VT to continue

el tren continuó su marcha — the train continued its journey

continuó sus estudios en Barcelona — she continued her studies in Barcelona

continuaremos la clase mañana — we will go on with o continue the lesson tomorrow

continuó su vida como antes — he went on with o continued with his life as before

2. VI

1) [historia, espectáculo, guerra] to continue, go on

la búsqueda continuó durante toda la noche — the search continued o went on all night

continúe, por favor — please continue, please go on

la serie continúa la semana que viene — the series continues next week

"continuará" — "to be continued"

pase lo que pase, la vida continúa — come what may, life goes on

2) [en una situación]

la puerta continúa cerrada — the door is still shut, the door remains shut frm

continúa muy grave — she is still in a critical condition, she remains in a critical condition frm

continúa en el mismo puesto de trabajo — she is still in the same post, she remains in the same post frm

continuaba en Noruega — he was still in Norway

• continuar con algo — to continue with sth, go on with sth

continuó con su trabajo — he continued with o went on with his work

Pablo continúa con Irene — Pablo is still (together) with Irene

continuar con salud — to be still in good health, remain in good health frm

• continuar haciendo algo, continuó leyendo — she continued to read o reading, she went on reading

la policía continuará investigando el caso — the police are to continue o go on investigating the case

a pesar de todo, continúa diciendo lo que piensa — in spite of everything, she continues to speak her mind o she still speaks her mind

continúa lloviendo — it's still raining

continuaba trabajando para ellos — he still worked for them

en cualquier caso continúo siendo optimista — in any case, I remain optimistic o I am still optimistic

3) [camino, carretera] to continue, go on, carry on

el camino continúa hasta la costa — the road continues o goes on o carries on (all the way) to the coast

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo to continue

continuemos la marcha — let's go on o carry on
2.
continuar vi

a) guerra/espectáculo/vida to continue

si las cosas continúan así — if things go on o continue like this

continuará — to be continued

la película continúa en cartelera — the movie is still showing

continuar con algo — to continue with something

continuar + ger: su estado continúa siendo delicado he is still in a weak condition; continúa negándose a declarar she is still refusing to make a statement; continuó diciendo que... — she went on to say that...

b) carretera to continue
3.
continuarse v pron (frml) to continue

el camino se continúa en un sendero — the road continues as a path

su obra se continuó en sus discípulos — his work was continued by his disciples

* * *

= continue, go on, linger on, move on, persevere, persist, wrap, keep + going, proceed, push on, press on, recommence, run over, move forward, hang on, carry forward, carry on, go ahead, carry through, soldier on, keep up, roll on, take it from here.

Ex. Thus our catalogs will continue to fail our readers until reconstructed on the basis of the AACR, which has remedied the situation by providing for the consistent use of uniform titles wherever required.

Ex. Several members of the group raised polite brows and implored him to go on.

Ex. The song may be forgotten but among library users the sentiment lingers on.

Ex. Rather readers grow by fits and starts now rushing ahead, now lying fallow, and now moving steadily on.

Ex. It would be uneconomic and foolish to persevere with human assignment of controlled-language terms.

Ex. Nevertheless, it cannot yet be said that all cataloguing is conducted with the use of a computer, and even some major library systems persist with manual cataloguing practices.

Ex. If the width of the report exceeds the line width of your printer, the information will wrap to the next line.

Ex. This article presents ideas which will help the librarian to keep going in the face of budget cuts.

Ex. Before we proceed to look at the operators in detail, a couple of examples may help to make the layout clearer.

Ex. I think we'd better push on to the next topic.

Ex. Hoping the gentler tone and the more relaxed manner meant that her anger was abating, the young man pressed on less apprehensively.

Ex. 'Well,' recommenced the young librarian, buoyed up by the director's interest, 'I believe that everybody is a good employee until they prove differently to me'.

Ex. An initiative for environmental education which will run over the next few years focuses on Victoria region by region.

Ex. This article argues the need to move forward with the infotech culture without abandoning the service culture.

Ex. In libraries, this life cycle may be interrupted because of staff reluctance to part with traditional services, and products may hang on long past the point of real effectiveness.

Ex. In order to carry forward the Chinese cultural heritage it is necessary to research the ancient books.

Ex. If a child detects that no very strong value is placed on reading then he feels no compulsion to develop his own reading skill beyond the minimal, functional level we all need simply to carry on our daily lives in our print-dominated society.

Ex. A plan for the construction and implementation phases will be drawn up, if it is decided to go ahead = Si se decide continuar, se elaborará un plan para las fases de construcción y puesta en práctica.

Ex. Any changes will produce a readjustment of text which will carry through to the end of the text.

Ex. Russell soldiered on in 'Principles of Mathematics', he pleaded a distinction between analysis by way of philosophical definitions and analysis by way of mathematical definitions.

Ex. He was told to ' keep up whatever it is he was doing' because he was doing great!.

Ex. But to make matters worse, and as the drought rolls on, it is very likely that it won't rain again until October or November.

Ex. I had intended to walk him to his classroom, but before I could follow him through the double doors, he said, 'I can take it from here, Papa'.

----

* batalla + continuar = battle + rage.

* continuando con la línea de = in the vein of.

* continuar al lado de = stand by.

* continuar así = keep + it up, keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work.

* continuar a trancas y barrancas = bash on.

* continuar avanzando = press on.

* continuar como antes = go on + as before.

* continuar con = go ahead with, proceed to, pursue, pursue + Nombre + further, stick to, build on/upon, go on with, maintain + continuity, maintain + momentum, stick with, stick at.

* continuar con Algo = take + Nombre + further.

* continuar con el buen hacer = keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work.

* continuar con la lectura de = carry on through.

* continuar con + Nombre + en = carry + Nombre + forward into.

* continuar diciendo = go on.

* continuar en = overflow on.

* continuar en esta dirección = proceed + along this way.

* continuar enviando + Nombre = keep + Nombre + coming.

* continuar + Gerundio = go on + Gerundio, keep + Gerundio, keep on + Gerundio.

* continuar haciendo Algo = get on with + Nombre.

* continuar implacablemente = march on.

* continuar inexorablemente = march on.

* continuar irreconciliable con = remain + unreconciled to.

* continuar la labor de otros = stand on + the shoulders of giants, stand on + the shoulders of giants, stand on + the shoulders of giants.

* continuar leyendo = read on.

* continuar opuesto a = remain + unreconciled to.

* continuar + Posesivo camino = continue on + Posesivo + way.

* continuar realizando una actividad = keep + going.

* continuar siendo = remain.

* continuar siendo importante = remain + big.

* continuar sin agraciarse con = remain + unreconciled to.

* continuar sin detenerse = go straight ahead.

* continuar sin reconciliarse son = remain + unreconciled to.

* continuar tratando = pursue + Nombre + further.

* continuar viviendo = live on.

* continuar vivo = live on.

* disputa + continuar = dispute + rage.

* estar decidido a continuar = be set to continue.

* la vida continúa = the show must go on.

* la vida + continuar = life + go on.

* polémica + continuar = controversy + rage, argument + rage.

* todo continúa como antes = life goes on as before.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo to continue

continuemos la marcha — let's go on o carry on
2.
continuar vi

a) guerra/espectáculo/vida to continue

si las cosas continúan así — if things go on o continue like this

continuará — to be continued

la película continúa en cartelera — the movie is still showing

continuar con algo — to continue with something

continuar + ger: su estado continúa siendo delicado he is still in a weak condition; continúa negándose a declarar she is still refusing to make a statement; continuó diciendo que... — she went on to say that...

b) carretera to continue
3.
continuarse v pron (frml) to continue

el camino se continúa en un sendero — the road continues as a path

su obra se continuó en sus discípulos — his work was continued by his disciples

* * *

= continue, go on, linger on, move on, persevere, persist, wrap, keep + going, proceed, push on, press on, recommence, run over, move forward, hang on, carry forward, carry on, go ahead, carry through, soldier on, keep up, roll on, take it from here.

Ex: Thus our catalogs will continue to fail our readers until reconstructed on the basis of the AACR, which has remedied the situation by providing for the consistent use of uniform titles wherever required.

Ex: Several members of the group raised polite brows and implored him to go on.

Ex: The song may be forgotten but among library users the sentiment lingers on.

Ex: Rather readers grow by fits and starts now rushing ahead, now lying fallow, and now moving steadily on.

Ex: It would be uneconomic and foolish to persevere with human assignment of controlled-language terms.

Ex: Nevertheless, it cannot yet be said that all cataloguing is conducted with the use of a computer, and even some major library systems persist with manual cataloguing practices.

Ex: If the width of the report exceeds the line width of your printer, the information will wrap to the next line.

Ex: This article presents ideas which will help the librarian to keep going in the face of budget cuts.

Ex: Before we proceed to look at the operators in detail, a couple of examples may help to make the layout clearer.

Ex: I think we'd better push on to the next topic.

Ex: Hoping the gentler tone and the more relaxed manner meant that her anger was abating, the young man pressed on less apprehensively.

Ex: 'Well,' recommenced the young librarian, buoyed up by the director's interest, 'I believe that everybody is a good employee until they prove differently to me'.

Ex: An initiative for environmental education which will run over the next few years focuses on Victoria region by region.

Ex: This article argues the need to move forward with the infotech culture without abandoning the service culture.

Ex: In libraries, this life cycle may be interrupted because of staff reluctance to part with traditional services, and products may hang on long past the point of real effectiveness.

Ex: In order to carry forward the Chinese cultural heritage it is necessary to research the ancient books.

Ex: If a child detects that no very strong value is placed on reading then he feels no compulsion to develop his own reading skill beyond the minimal, functional level we all need simply to carry on our daily lives in our print-dominated society.

Ex: A plan for the construction and implementation phases will be drawn up, if it is decided to go ahead = Si se decide continuar, se elaborará un plan para las fases de construcción y puesta en práctica.

Ex: Any changes will produce a readjustment of text which will carry through to the end of the text.

Ex: Russell soldiered on in 'Principles of Mathematics', he pleaded a distinction between analysis by way of philosophical definitions and analysis by way of mathematical definitions.

Ex: He was told to ' keep up whatever it is he was doing' because he was doing great!.

Ex: But to make matters worse, and as the drought rolls on, it is very likely that it won't rain again until October or November.

Ex: I had intended to walk him to his classroom, but before I could follow him through the double doors, he said, 'I can take it from here, Papa'.

* batalla + continuar = battle + rage.

* continuando con la línea de = in the vein of.

* continuar al lado de = stand by.

* continuar así = keep + it up, keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work.

* continuar a trancas y barrancas = bash on.

* continuar avanzando = press on.

* continuar como antes = go on + as before.

* continuar con = go ahead with, proceed to, pursue, pursue + Nombre + further, stick to, build on/upon, go on with, maintain + continuity, maintain + momentum, stick with, stick at.

* continuar con Algo = take + Nombre + further.

* continuar con el buen hacer = keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work.

* continuar con la lectura de = carry on through.

* continuar con + Nombre + en = carry + Nombre + forward into.

* continuar diciendo = go on.

* continuar en = overflow on.

* continuar en esta dirección = proceed + along this way.

* continuar enviando + Nombre = keep + Nombre + coming.

* continuar + Gerundio = go on + Gerundio, keep + Gerundio, keep on + Gerundio.

* continuar haciendo Algo = get on with + Nombre.

* continuar implacablemente = march on.

* continuar inexorablemente = march on.

* continuar irreconciliable con = remain + unreconciled to.

* continuar la labor de otros = stand on + the shoulders of giants, stand on + the shoulders of giants, stand on + the shoulders of giants.

* continuar leyendo = read on.

* continuar opuesto a = remain + unreconciled to.

* continuar + Posesivo camino = continue on + Posesivo + way.

* continuar realizando una actividad = keep + going.

* continuar siendo = remain.

* continuar siendo importante = remain + big.

* continuar sin agraciarse con = remain + unreconciled to.

* continuar sin detenerse = go straight ahead.

* continuar sin reconciliarse son = remain + unreconciled to.

* continuar tratando = pursue + Nombre + further.

* continuar viviendo = live on.

* continuar vivo = live on.

* disputa + continuar = dispute + rage.

* estar decidido a continuar = be set to continue.

* la vida continúa = the show must go on.

* la vida + continuar = life + go on.

* polémica + continuar = controversy + rage, argument + rage.

* todo continúa como antes = life goes on as before.

* * *

continuar [ A18 ]

vt

to continue

va a continuar sus estudios en el extranjero she's going to continue her studies abroad

continuó su vida como si nada hubiera pasado he went on with o continued with his life as if nothing had happened

sus discípulos continuaron su obra her disciples carried on o continued her work

continuemos la marcha let's go on o carry on

—y eso sería un desastre —continuó and that would be catastrophic, he went on o continued

■ continuar

vi

1 «guerra/espectáculo/vida» to continue

si las cosas continúan así if things go on o continue like this

[ S ] continuará to be continued

la película continúa en cartelera the movie is still showing

continúe la defensa (counsel for) the defense may continue

continuar CON algo to continue WITH sth

no pudieron continuar con el trabajo they couldn't continue (with) o go on with the work

continuar + GER:

su estado continúa siendo delicado he is still in a weak condition

continúa negándose a declarar she is still refusing to make a statement

si continúas comportándote así if you continue to behave o go on behaving like this

continuó diciendo que … she went on to say that …, she continued by saying that …

2 «carretera» to continue

la carretera continúa hasta la parte alta de la montaña the road continues (on) to the top of the mountain, the road goes on up to the top of the mountain

■ continuarse

v pron

( frml); to continue

el camino se continúa en un angosto sendero the road continues as a narrow path

su obra se continuó en la labor de sus discípulos his work was continued in the labor of his disciples

* * *

continuar ( conjugate continuar) verbo transitivo
to continue
verbo intransitivo [guerra/espectáculo/vida] to continue;
◊ si las cosas continúan así if things go on o continue like this;

( on signs) continuará to be continued;
◊ la película continúa en cartelera the movie is still showing;

continuar con algo to continue with sth;
continuó diciendo que … she went on to say that …
continuar verbo transitivo & verbo intransitivo
1 to continue, carry on (with)
2 (seguir en un lugar) continúa viviendo en Brasil, he's still living in Brazil
3 (seguir sucediendo) continúa lloviendo, it is still raining
(una película) continuará, to be continued ➣ Ver nota en continue

' continuar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
incapaz
- perdurar
- seguir
English:
carry on
- continue
- go ahead
- go on
- keep
- keep on
- keep up
- remain
- resume
- carry
- go
- hold
- move
- proceed
- pursue
- take
- wear

* * *

continuar

♦ vt

to continue, to carry on with;

los peregrinos continuaron su camino the pilgrims went o continued on their way;

continuarán el partido suspendido mañana the abandoned match will be continued tomorrow

♦ vi

to continue, to go on;

continuar haciendo algo to continue doing o to do sth;

continúa lloviendo it's still raining;

¿continúas viviendo en Brasil? are you still living in Brazil?, do you still live in Brazil?;

continuamos trabajando en el mismo proyecto we are still working on the same project;

continúan con el proyecto they are carrying on with o continuing with the project;

todavía continúa en la empresa she's still with o working for the company;

continúen en sus puestos hasta nueva orden stay at your posts until you receive fresh orders;

continuará [historia, programa] to be continued;

la finca continúa hasta el río the farm extends as far as the river;

el camino continúa por la costa the road continues o carries on along the coast

♦ See also the pronominal verb continuarse

* * *

continuar

I v/t continue

II v/i continue;

continuará to be continued;

continuar haciendo algo continue o carry on doing sth;

continuó nevando it kept on snowing

* * *

continuar {3} v

: to continue

* * *

continuar vb

1. to continue / to carry on [pt. & pp. carried]

continuaremos el debate después de comer we'll continue the discussion after lunch / we'll carry on with the discussion after lunch

continuó escribiendo hasta su muerte she carried on writing until she died

2. (estar todavía) to be still

el buen tiempo continúa the weather is still fine

mira a ver si continúa allí look and see is he's still there

Spanish-English dictionary > continuar

20 marquer

marquer [maʀke]

➭ TABLE 1

1. transitive verb

   a. (par un signe distinctif) [+ objet] to mark ; [+ animal, criminel] to brand ; [+ marchandise] to label

   b. ( = indiquer) to mark ; [thermomètre] to show ; [balance] to register

• marquer sa page (avec un signet) to mark one's page (with a bookmark)

• j'ai marqué ce jour-là d'une pierre blanche I'll remember it as a red-letter day

• marquez d'une croix l'emplacement du véhicule mark the position of the vehicle with a cross

• la pendule marque 6 heures the clock shows 6 o'clock

• robe qui marque la taille dress which shows off the waistline

• marquer sa désapprobation to show one's disapproval

   c. ( = écrire) to write down

• marquer les points to keep the score

• j'ai marqué 3 heures sur mon agenda I've got 3 o'clock down in my diary

• qu'y a-t-il de marqué ? what does it say?

   d. ( = affecter) to mark

• il a marqué son époque he really left his mark

• la souffrance l'a marqué suffering has left its mark on him

• il est marqué par la vie life has left its mark on him

   e. (Sport) [+ joueur] to mark ; [+ but, essai] to score

   f. (locutions) marquer le coup (inf) ( = fêter un événement) to mark the occasion

• marquer un point (sur qn) to score a point (against sb)

• marquer la mesure to keep the beat

• marquer le pas to mark time

• marquer un temps d'arrêt to pause momentarily

2. intransitive verb

[événement, personnalité] to stand out

• ne pose pas le verre sur la table, ça marque don't put the glass down on the table, it will leave a mark

* * *
maʀke
1.

verbe transitif

1) ( étiqueter) to mark [article]; to brand [bétail]; to mark out [emplacement, limite]

marquer des vêtements au nom d'un enfant — to put nametapes on a child's clothes

marquer d'une croix — to mark with a cross

2) ( signaler) to mark, to signal [début, rupture]

3) ( laisser une trace sur) [personne, coup] to mark [corps, objet]

4) ( influencer) [événement, œuvre] to leave its mark on [personne, esprit]

c'est quelqu'un qui m'a beaucoup marqué — he/she was a strong influence on me

5) ( écrire) to mark [prix]; to write [something] (down) [renseignement]

marquez cela sur mon compte — put it on my account

qu'est-ce qu'il y a de marqué? — what does it say?

6) ( indiquer) [montre] to say [heure]; [jauge, chiffres] to show [pression, température]

l'horloge marque dix heures — the clock says ten o'clock

il marquait ses propos d'un hochement de tête — he nodded emphatically as he spoke

marquer la mesure — Musique to beat time

7) ( exprimer) to show [volonté, désapprobation, sentiment]

il faut marquer le coup — ( célébrer) let's celebrate; ( exprimer le mécontentement) we can't let it go just like that

8)

marquer un temps (d'arrêt) — to pause

marquer un silence — to fall silent

9) Sport to score [but, point]; to mark [adversaire]

2.

verbe intransitif

1) ( laisser une trace) to leave a mark ( sur on)

2) Sport to score

* * *
maʀke
1. vt

1) (= indiquer) to mark, (= inscrire) to write down

Peux-tu marquer sur la carte où se trouve le village? — Can you mark where the village is on the map?

un jour à marquer d'une pierre blanche — a red-letter day

2) [bétail] to brand

3) (= accentuer) [taille] to emphasize

4) (= manifester) [son refus, son intérêt] to show

5) [occasion, événement] to mark, to celebrate

pour marquer l'événement — to mark the occasion, to celebrate the occasion

6)

marquer qn [personne] — to make a deep impression on sb, [événement] to leave its mark on sb

7)

marquer qch de son empreinte — to leave its mark on sth

8) SPORT, [but, point] to score

L'équipe irlandaise a marqué dix points. — The Irish team scored ten points.

marquer les points (= tenir la marque) — to keep the score

9) SPORT, [joueur] to mark

10) (autres locutions)

marquer un temps d'arrêt — to pause momentarily

marquer le pas fig — to mark time

2. vi

1) [événement, personnalité] to stand out, to be outstanding

2) SPORT to score

* * *

marquer verb table: aimer

A vtr

1 ( étiqueter) to mark [article]; to brand [bétail]; to mark out [emplacement, limite]; marquer des vêtements au nom d'un enfant to put nametapes on a child's clothes; marquer d'une croix to mark with a cross;

2 ( signaler) to mark, to signal [début, fin, rupture]; marquer la reprise des hostilités to mark ou signal the renewal of hostilities;

3 ( laisser une trace sur) [personne, coup, empreinte] to mark [corps, objet]; des taches de graisse marquent les pages the pages are covered in greasy marks; ⇒ blanc;

4 ( influencer) [événement, drame, œuvre] to leave its mark on [personne, esprit]; c'est quelqu'un qui m'a beaucoup marqué he/she was a strong influence on me; c'est un événement qui m'a beaucoup marqué it's an event that really left its mark on me;

5 ( écrire) to mark [prix]; to write [sth] (down), to put [sth] (down) [renseignement]; j'ai oublié de marquer la date dans mon agenda I forgot to put the date in my diary; marquez cela sur mon compte put it on my account; marquer les élèves absents to mark students absent; qu'est-ce qu'il y a de marqué? what does it say?;

6 ( indiquer) [montre] to say [heure]; [jauge, chiffres] to show [pression, température]; l'horloge marque dix heures the clock says ten o'clock; le thermomètre marque 35°C the thermometer registers ou says 35°C; marquer le féminin Ling to indicate the feminine; l'aiguille marquait 60 km/h the speedometer was at 60 km/h; il marquait ses propos d' un hochement de tête he nodded emphatically as he spoke; marquer la mesure Mus to beat time;

7 ( exprimer) to show [volonté, désapprobation, sentiment]; il faut marquer le coup ( célébrer) let's celebrate; ( exprimer le mécontentement) we can't let it go just like that; quand quelqu'un a mentionné son nom, il a marqué le coup when he heard the name, it really registered;

8 ( souligner) marquer une fête nationale par un défilé to celebrate a national holiday with a parade;

9 ( faire) marquer un temps (d'arrêt) to pause; marquer un silence to fall silent;

10 ( être caractéristique de) [idée, discours, attitude] to be characteristic of [personne, parti, époque];

11 Sport to score [but, essai, point]; to mark [adversaire].

B vi

1 ( laisser une trace) to leave a mark (sur on);

2 ( être important) [homme politique, artiste] to leave one's mark; [événement] to be significant; un événement qui a marqué dans l'histoire a significant historical event;

3 Sport to score; il a réussi à marquer he managed to score.

[marke] verbe transitif

1. [montrer] to mark

marquer la limite de quelque chose to mark something (off), to mark the limit of something

l'horloge marque 3 h the clock shows ou says 3 o'clock

la balance marque 3 kg the scales register ou read 3 kg

le thermomètre marque 40°C the thermometer shows ou registers 40°C

les lignes bleues marquent les frontières the blue lines show ou indicate where the border is

2. [signaler - passage d'un texte] to mark ; [ - bétail] to brand, to mark ; [ - arbre] to blaze ; [ - linge] to label, to tag

marquer sa page

a. [avec un signet] to mark one's place (with a bookmark)

b. [en cornant la page] to turn down the corner of one's page

marquer au fer rouge to brand

ce jour est à marquer d'une pierre blanche this will go down as a red-letter day

3. [témoigner de] to mark, to show

pour marquer sa confiance as a token ou mark of his trust

4. [événement, date] to mark

marquer le coup

a. [fêter quelque chose] to mark the occasion

b. [réagir] to react

5. [prendre en note] to write ou to take ou to note (down) (separable)

[tracer] to mark, to write

tu l'as marqué? have you made a note of it?

marqué à l'encre/à la craie/au crayon sur le mur marked in ink/chalk/pencil on the wall, inked/chalked/pencilled on the wall

6. [suj: difficulté, épreuve] to mark

le chagrin a marqué son visage his face is lined ou furrowed with sorrow

7. [impressionner] to mark, to affect, to make an impression on

ça m'a beaucoup marqué it made a big ou lasting impression on me

8. JEUX & SPORT

marquer (un point) to score (a point)

marquer les points to note ou to keep the score

l'argument est judicieux, vous marquez un point (figuré) the argument is valid, that's one to you ou you've scored a point

marquer un joueur to mark a player

9. [rythmer]

il marquait la cadence du pied he beat time with his foot

marquer la mesure MUSIQUE to keep the beat

marquer un temps d'arrêt to pause (for a moment)

marquer le pas to mark time

10. COUTURE

les robes, cet été, marqueront la taille this summer's dresses will emphasize the waist line

————————

[marke] verbe intransitif

1. [personne, événement] to stand out

les grands hommes qui ont marqué dans l'histoire the great men who have left their mark on history

sa mort a marqué dans ma vie his death had a great effect ou impact on my life

2. [crayon, objet]

attention, ça marque! careful, it'll leave a mark!

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > marquer

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Sentiment analysis — or opinion mining refers to the application of natural language processing, computational linguistics, and text analytics to identify and extract subjective information in source materials. Generally speaking, sentiment analysis aims to determine … Wikipedia

Sentiment anti-japonais — Sentiment antijaponais ██████████ … Wikipédia en Français

strong — strong, stout, sturdy, stalwart, tough, tenacious can all mean having or manifesting great power or force (as in acting or resisting). Strong, the most inclusive of these terms, fundamentally implies the possession of great physical power and may … New Dictionary of Synonyms

sentiment — noun ADJECTIVE ▪ deep, strong ▪ growing ▪ common, general, prevailing ▪ fine, lofty … Collocations dictionary

Sentiment antijaponais — ██████████20 … Wikipédia en Français

sentiment — 01. The public seems largely to agree with the [sentiment] expressed by the President during his recent press conference. 02. In case of a fire, I would first try to save things of [sentimental] value, such as family photos. 03. He is always very … Grammatical examples in English

strong — adj. VERBS ▪ be, feel, look ▪ become, get, grow ▪ remain, stay ▪ … Collocations dictionary

sentiment — sen|ti|ment [ˈsentımənt] n [Date: 1300 1400; : French; Origin: Medieval Latin sentimentum, from Latin sentire; SENTIENT] 1.) [U and C] formal an opinion or feeling you have about something ▪ Similar sentiments were expressed by many politicians.… … Dictionary of contemporary English

sentiment — noun 1 (C, U) formal an opinion or feeling you have about something: It is my sentiment that we should vote against the motion. | popular sentiment (=what most people think) | my/your sentiments: I share your sentiments entirely. 2 (U) feelings… … Longman dictionary of contemporary English

sentiment — I (New American Roget s College Thesaurus) n. opinion, feeling; sensitivity, delicacy, sympathy; motto, toast. See belief, sensibility. II (Roget s IV) n. 1. [Emotion] Syn. sensibility, predilection, tender feeling; see emotion , feeling 4 ,… … English dictionary for students

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strong sentiment

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strong sentiment

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